Protocol applies EFs to cells in vitro but has been modified and to use electrotactic chambers to accommodate cells growing in planar culture or in three-dimensional (3D) gels, en bloc tissue cultures in 3D and possible small embryos, such as that from frog and zebra fish. The EF is applied to the cells or tissues cultured in a customer designed electrotactic chamber via agar salt bridges, Steinberg’s solution and Ag/AgCl electrodes. - [Read Application of Direct Current Electric Fields to Cells and Tissues in vitro]
The transfer of proteins from a Tris/glycine SDS-polyacrylamide gel to a membrane using a semi-dry method is achieved by placing the gel next to a piece of nitrocellulose filter. This sandwich is placed directly between two plate electrodes, and the proteins are then transferred from the gel onto the filter. - [Read Immunoblotting: Semi-Dry Electrophoretic Transfer of Proteins from Gels to Membranes Protocol]
Polyclonal antibodies can be isolated from animal plasma or serum using the procedure described in this protocol. The Gradiflow BF400 instrument has two liquid streams that circulate through a separation cartridge positioned between two electrodes and composed of three hydrogel polyacrylamide membranes, which define the channels for the two sample streams. The central membrane forms a physical barrier between the two streams. - [Read Preparation of Polyclonal Antibodies from Plasma or Serum Using the Gradiflow BF400]
Protocol for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis via contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gels. In CHEF gels, the electric field is generated from multiple electrodes, arranged in a square of hexagonal contour around the horizontal gel and clamped to predetermined potentials. Using a combination of low field strengths, low concentrations of aragose, long switching intervals, and extended periods of electrophoresis, DNAs up to 5000 kb can be resolved. - [Read Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis via Contour-clamped Homogeneous Electric Field Gels Protocol]