Pulsed electrical fields can be used to introduce DNA into a wide variety of animal cells. Electroporation works well with cell lines that are refractive to other techniques, such as calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation. But, as with other transfection methods, the optimal conditions for electroporating DNA into untested cell lines must be determined experimentally. - [Read DNA Transfection by Electroporation]
Electrocompetent bacteria are prepared by growing cultures tomid-log phase, washing the bacteria extensively at low temperature,and then resuspending them in a solution of low ionic strengthcontaining glycerol. DNA is introduced during exposure of thebacteria to a short high-voltage electrical discharge.