easily Protocols

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols

Protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice. Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation method that is applicable to easily cultured varieties in addition to elite japonica varieties that are more difficult to culture. Using this method, transgenic rice plants can be obtained in about 2–3 months with a transformation frequency of 30–50%, both in easily cultured varieties and recalcitrant elite japonica rice. - [Read Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Rice Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

Protocol describes the DNA content of bacteriophage lambda stocks can be easily and rapidly estimated. - [Read Assaying the DNA Content of Bacteriophage lambda Stocks and Lysates by Gel Electrophoresis Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols: Stem Cell Injection Protocols

Injection needles require sharp tips that allow the blastocyst to be penetrated easily. This protocol describes a method of creating sharp injection needle tips. - [Read Breaking the Tips of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Injection Needles Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Calcium Phosphate Transfection Protocols

Calcium phosphate forms an insoluble precipitate with DNA, which attaches to the cell surface and is taken into the cells by endocytosis. The protocol is easily adapted for use with other types of cells, both adherent and nonadherent. This protocol is a modified version of a method published by Jordan et al. (1996) who rigorously optimized calcium-phosphate-based transfection methods for Chinese hamster ovary cells and the 293 line of human embryonic kidney cells. - [Read Calcium-phosphate-mediated Transfection of Eukaryotic Cells with Plasmid DNAs]

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Genotyping Protocols: Mutation Detection Protocols

The goal of this method is to identify transcriptionally active genes in cloned segments of genomic DNA. The protocol uses hybridization and affinity purification to recover biotin-labeled cDNAs that bind to a 500-kb segment of human DNA cloned in a BAC vector. However, the method can be easily adapted to other clones of genomic DNAs cloned in high-capacity vectors. - [Read Direct Selection of cDNAs with Large Genomic DNA Clones Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Extraction Protocols: DNA Extraction Polyacrylamide Gels

DNA Electroelution.  This protocol describes the purification of DNA by trapping in a high-salt cushion in a "UEA AnalyticalElectroeluter" (IBI).  This machine is no longer manufactured, to our knowledge.  However, a smiliar device can be easily made from Plexiglas according to the following diagram, taken from Cornel Mulhardt, Molecular Biology and Genomics (2007) Academic Press, p.52: Schimenti Lab - [Read DNA Electroelution]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Extraction Protocols

Allows students to easily isolate chromosomal DNA from onion cells using the same basic tools and methods that scientists use in the lab. A good introduction to using pipettes. Kate Dollard - [Read DNA Isolation from Onion Cells]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

DNA is best isolated from bacteriophage lambda particles by digesting the viral coat proteins with a powerful protease such as proteinase K, followed by extraction with phenol:chloroform. This procedure is easily adapted for use with smaller-scale preparations of bacteriophage lambda. - [Read Extraction of Bacteriophage lambda DNA from Large-scale Cultures Using Proteinase K and SDS Protocol]

Category: Immunohistochemistry Protocols: Cryosectioning Protocols

This protocol describes methods for the fixation, cryosectioning, and immunohistochemical detection of proteins in embryonic and adult zebrafish eyes. The methods described can easily be adapted for use on other zebrafish tissues. - [Read Immunohistochemistry on Cryosections from Embryonic and Adult Zebrafish Eyes Protocol]

Category: Laboratory Model Organisms Protocols

Protocol describes methods for the fixation, cryosectioning, and immunohistochemical detection of proteins in embryonic and adult zebrafish eyes. The methods described can easily be adapted for use on other zebrafish tissues. - [Read Immunohistochemistry on Cryosections from Embryonic and Adult Zebrafish Eyes Protocol]

Category: C. elegans Protocols: C. elegans Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes an easily scalable way of introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in Caenorhabditis elegans: feeding the nematode with bacteria that express dsRNA. When using an RNase-III-negative Escherichia coli strain (HT115), the efficiency of this method is comparable to the alternative. - [Read Introduction of Double-Stranded RNA in C. elegans by Feeding Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi C. elegans Protocols

Protocol describes an easily scalable way of introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in Caenorhabditis elegans: feeding the nematode with bacteria that express dsRNA.  When using an Rnase-III-negative Escherichia coli strain (HT115), the efficiency of this method is comparable to the alternative. - [Read Introduction of Double-Stranded RNA in C. elegans by Feeding Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Extraction Protocols

Also works for onions. Duration ~40 minutes. DNA Isolation with very easily accessible household solutions. Great for school classes. science-projects.com - [Read Isolation of DNA from Strawberries and Raspberries]

Category: Antibody Protocols: Antibody Labeling Protocols

This protocol describes a simple chemical oxidation method for labeling antibodies with iodine. Iodide-125 (supplied as NaI) is oxidized to form iodine-125 (I2), which attacks tyrosyl and histidyl side chains. The iodinated antibodies are easily detected and quantitated using gamma counters or film. They are used primarily in immunoassays, but other techniques can be adapted conveniently to the iodine detection method. - [Read Labeling Antibodies with Iodine Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Staining Protocols

Protocol describes our method for preparing cells for immunofluorescence, in which all incubations and washes are performed in microtiter dishes. The protocol can also easily be adapted for preparing cells for immunofluorescence in microfuge tubes. - [Read Large-Scale Immunocytology Protocol]

Category: Yeast Cell Culture Protocols: Yeast Sporulation Protocols

Zygotes can be identified by their unique morphology. They can be easily separated away from nonmated cells using a micromanipulator. This method provides an alternative to the selection of diploid cells on a medium that prevents the growth of haploid parent cells. - [Read Picking Zygotes Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Plant DNA RNA Isolation Protocols

A. thaliana has a very small haploid genome and this makes obtaining DNA somewhat difficult. The most notable problem is that DNA is usually contaminated with polysaccharide which inhibit restriction enzymes as well as other DNA modifying enzymes. This problem is most easily solved by using young plants which have not accumulated as much polysaccharide as older plants. The best results are obtained with plants that are two to three weeks post germinated. - [Read Plant DNA Extraction Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

Many replacement vectors (e.g., the EMBL series, {lambda}2001, and {lambda}DASH) contain a series of restriction sites, arranged in opposite orientations, at each end of the central stuffer fragment. Digestion of these vectors with two different restriction enzymes yields left and right arms, a stuffer fragment, and short segments of the polycloning sites. These can easily be removed from the arms by differential precipitation with isopropanol or spun-column chromatography. - [Read Preparation of Bacteriophage lambda DNA Cleaved with Two Restriction Enzymes Protocol]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

High-titer stocks of bacteriophage {lambda} are easily prepared by infecting small-scale bacterial cultures. - [Read Preparing Stocks of Bacteriophage {lambda} by Small-scale Liquid Culture Protocol]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Neurospora Protocols

Protocol for Preparing Vacuolar Membranes And Other Membrane Fractions from Neurospora Crassa (4 liter prep, easily scaled up to 10, 12, 24, or 30 l). - [Read Preparing Vacuolar Membranes And Other Membrane Fractions from Neurospora Crassa Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Confocal Microscopy Protocols

Protocol describes a useful way to observe the development of embryos, as well as meristems & young primordia developing at the shoot apex by confocal microscopy after staining the nuclei with propidium iodide. The number of cells can be exactly quantified in a meristem or in young primordia. Because embryonic & meristematic cells are largely filled out by their nuclei, it is easier to image only the nuclei. This method allows analysis of whole-mount material, which is more easily reconstructed. - [Read Protocol for Nuclear Staining of Plants for Confocal Microscopy]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: In Vivo Imaging Protocols

To image early cleavages and chromatin dynamics, it is convenient to use histone H2B fused to GFP or lamin::GFP. Time-lapse movies can be obtained using conventional confocal microscope systems and their included software. Early embryos dissected from transgenic hermaphrodites are placed with egg salts on agar pads. Chromatin dynamics can be followed easily, and wild-type embryonic cells can be compared with mutants or RNAi-treated embryos. - [Read Protocol Live Imaging of Caenorhabditis Elegans]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Recombinant proteins engineered to have a polyhistidine tail at either the carboxyl or amino terminus can easily be purified in one step by affinity chromatography on a resin carrying chelated nickel ions.  Chromatography can be carried out in column or batch formats.  After unbound proteins are washed away, the target protein is eluted using imidazole, which typically preserves the antigenic and functional features of the protein. - [Read Purification of Histidine-tagged Proteins by Immobilized Ni2+ Absorption Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Staining Protocols: Simple Staining Protocols

Protocol for simple staining. Smear is stained with a solution of a single dye which stains all cells the same color. Differentiation of cell types or structures is not the objective of the simple stain. However, certain structures which are not stained by this method may be easily seen, for example, endospores and lipid inclusions. - [Read Simple Staining Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: SNP Protocols

SNP detection with mutagenic primers. Input sequence will be searched to find changes in one nucleotide near the location of the SNP, so that mutagenic primers may be easily designed. Bikandi, J., San Millán, R., Rementeria, A., and Garaizar, J. In silico analysis of complete bacterial genomes: PCR, AFLP-PCR, and endonuclease restriction. Bioinformatics 2004 Mar 22;20(5):798-9. - [Read SNP detection with mutagenic primers]