drug Protocols

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Endothelial Cell Protocols

Traditional animal models to quantify the degree of blood vessel formation are being replaced by cell culture assays that are easier to set up, statistically reliable and can be automated in a drug screening laboratory. These assays rely on the endothelial cells’ ability to form distinct blood-vessel-like tubules in an extracellular matrix where they can subsequently be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. - [Read An Image-Based Assay of Endothelial Cell Tube Formation as a Model of Angiogenesis]

Category: Fungi Protocols

Serum concentrations of itraconazole should be measured in patients receiving this drug to ensure that therapeutic concentrations are being achieved. This is necessary as drug absorption can be variable, and levels may be lowered by interactions with other drugs. The assay will give an indication of whether suitable blood levels have been achieved. - [Read Bioassay for Determining Itraconazole Levels in Blood]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Viability Protocols

Cell-based assays are important tools for contemporary biology and drug discovery because of their predictive potential for in vivo applications.This assay gives ratiometric, inversely proportional values of viability and cytotoxicity (Figure 4.15) that are useful for normalizing data to cell number. Also, this reagent is compatible with additional fluorescent and luminescent chemistries. - [Read Determining Number of Live and Dead Cells in Cell Population: Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This method enables the culturing of thyroid cells without loss of differentiation and medium change. It is potentially useful for the long-term study of drug effects on the thyroid gland. - [Read Human Thyroid Culture Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Drug Discovery

Protocol enables the culturing of thyroid cells without loss of differentiation and medium change.  It is potentially useful for the long-term study of drug effects on the thyroid gland. - [Read Human Thyroid Culture Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Pharmacokinetics Protocols

Protocol describes the use of intravenous continuous infusion to circumvent the inherent poor pharmacokinetics of a given candidate to show in vivo ‘proof of concept’ in the early stage of drug discovery. - [Read In Vivo Evaluation of Drug Lead Candidates by Intravenous Continuous Infusion]

Category: Reporter Gene Assays: Cat Assays Protocols

In this protocol, extracts prepared from cells transfected with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid are incubated with radiolabeled chloramphenicol. The acetylated products generated by the action of CAT are separated from the unmodified drug by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by scraping the spots from the thin-layer plates and counting them by scintillation spectroscopy. - [Read Measurement of CAT in Extracts of Mammalian Cells Using Thin-layer Chromatography]

Category: Peptide Protocols: Phage Display Cloning Systems and Protocols

Ph.D.â„¢-12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit NEB. Applications for Drug Discovery using Phage Display Libraries of Peptides. - [Read Ph.D.â„¢-12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Trafficking

Methods on protein trafficking. Information on N5 Secretion and protein trafficking. Methods include: Alcian Blue Test; Lucifer Yellow uptake assay; Preparation of total protein extracts for western immunoblots; Screen for Drug Sensitivity. - [Read Protein Trafficking Methods]

Category: Fungi Protocols

Serum concentrations of voriconazole should be measured in patients receiving this drug to ensure that therapeutic levels are being achieved. The assay will give an indication of whether suitable blood levels have been achieved. - [Read Protocol: Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Levels in Blood]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Liver Toxicity Assays Protocols

Flow cytometry is used to monitor drug-induced changes in DNA and protein contents of hepatocytes cultured at physiological oxygen concentrations. - [Read Rat Hepatocyte Flow Cytometric Cytotoxicitiy Test]

Category: Animal Research Techniques

Handling Methods for animals: mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, non-human primates, swine, goats, sheep, calves, pigs. Restraint devices, drug administration. - [Read Restraint and Handling of Animals Guide]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Cell Cycle Protocols: Mitosis Protocols

Protocol describes a method for synchronizing monolayer cells in mitosis using selective detachment from their substrate. During mitosis, cells become spherical, causing them to become more loosely attached to their substrate. The "rounded up" cells are selectively detached by tapping the culture flask, resulting in a population in which as many as 90-98% of the cells are in mitosis. The drug nocodazole is used to increase the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis before detachment is performed - [Read Synchronization of Mammalian Cell Cultures in Mitosis Using Selective Detachment Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Cell Cycle Analysis Protocols

This protocol describes a method for synchronizing monolayer cells in mitosis using selective detachment from their substrate. During mitosis, cells become more spherical, causing them to become more loosely attached to their substrate. The "rounded up" cells are selectively detached by tapping the culture flask, resulting in a population in which as many as 90-98% of the cells are in mitosis. The drug nocodazole is used to increase the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis before detachment.. - [Read Synchronization of Mammalian Cell Cultures in Mitosis Using Selective Detachment Protocol]

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Drug Discovery

Protocol describes a target selective S. aureus whole cell assay that combines agar-diffusion and protein over expression techniques.  This agar based two-plate differential sensitivity assay was used to help confirm the newly discovered antibiotic platensimycin inhibited bacterial growth by specifically targeting the essential FASII enzyme FabF6. - [Read Target Specific Whole Cell Assay for Antibacterial Drug Discovery Protocol]

Category: Tetrahymena Protozoa Protocols

Protocol describes a method for transformation of the Tetrahymena using electroporation. The vector is electroporated into cells after mating, where it is incorporated into the DNA of developing macronuclei. Because T. thermophila can be propagated indefinitely without conjugation, transformation of the macronucleus provides a way to obtain stable somatic transformants. DNA vectors transformed using this protocol include those containing drug-resistant versions of Tetrahymena genes. - [Read Transformation of Tetrahymena thermophila by Electroporation Protocol]