Flow cytometers must be calibrated prior to fluorescence intensity measurements because of inherent instrument variability. To correct for this variability, a standard particle (fixed chicken red blood cells, or CRBCs) must be analyzed on the instrument prior to each experiment and photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages adjusted accordingly to place the CRBC fluorescence emission peaks into predetermined target channels. - [Read Calibration of Becton Dickinson Flow Cytometers for Relative Fluorescence Intensity Measurements]
Cell Lysate Extracts. Great protocols for cell lysis preparation from a variety of cell types. There are numerous methods of cell stimulation and lysis. For a given protein, Upstate’s Laboratories determine the specific treatment upon initial testing of its products. It is important to select the correct cell line, stimulation procedure (if any), and lysis protocol. Upstate. - [Read Cell Lysate Extracts]
Cryogenic preservation (storage below -100°C) of cell cultures is widely used to maintain backups or reserves of cells without the associated effort and expense of feeding and caring for them. The success of the freezing process depends on four critical areas: Proper handling and gentle harvesting of the cultures; Correct use of the cryoprotective agent; A controlled rate of freezing; Storage under proper cryogenic conditions. - [Read Cryogenic Preservation and Storage of Animal Cells Protocol]
Unlike spherical phage, such as T4 and λ, which have roughly equal weight ratios of protein to DNA, filamentous phage have about six times more protein than DNA; the protein therefore contributes substantially to the absorption spectrum.
The protocol gives general considerations for the design of targeting vectors for transgenic mice. The protocol shares tips in the design of knock-out and knock-in vectors and some of their strategies for producing homologously recombined embryonic stem cells.