content Protocols

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols: DNA Electrophoresis Protocols: DNA Electrophoresis in Polyacrylamide Gels Protocols

Staining bands of DNA in polyacrylamide gels with ethidium bromide, SYBR-Gold, and methylene blue. - [Read Detection of DNA in Polyacrylamide Gels by Staining Protocol]

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Cancer Genetics Protocols: Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism(SSCP) Protocols

Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), one of several methods used to scan segments of DNA for mutations, exploits the electrophoretic differences in mobilities between single-stranded mutant and wild-type DNAs. - [Read Detection of Mutations by Single-strand Conformational Polymorphism Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Culture Contamination Prevention and Removal Protocols

Protocol describes a method for mycoplasma detection using Hoechst 33258, a fluorescent dye that stains DNA. Staining of particulate DNA matter around the cell nucleus (on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm) is indicative of mycoplasma contamination. - [Read Detection of Mycoplasma in Mammalian Cell Cultures Using Fluorescence Microscopy Protocol]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Apoptosis Protocols: Apoptosis Analysis

Detection of Phosphatidylserine Externalization During Apoptosis. Shailaja Kasibhatla et al. An early event in apoptosis is the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. This apoptotic event can be monitored using Annexin V, a PS-specific binding protein. This protocol uses Annexin V-FITC as a probe, but Annexin V-biotin is also available, and binding can be revealed using streptavidin-FITC or oth - [Read Detection Of Phosphatidylserine Externalization During Apoptosis (Subscription Required)]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi Mammalian Cells Protocols

Protocol describes the use of western blotting to analyze the RNAi-induced depletion of target protein from mammalian cells.  Immunofluorescence can be used as an alternative. - [Read Detection of RNAi-Induced Protein Knockdown in Mammalian Cells by Western Blotting Protocol]

Category: Western Blot Protocols

Protocol describes the use of western blotting to analyze the RNAi-induced depletion of target protein from mammalian cells.  Immunofluorescence can be used as an alternative. - [Read Detection of RNAi-Induced Protein Knockdown in Mammalian Cells by Western Blotting Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi C. elegans Protocols

Protocol uses northern blot technology to detect short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in RNA preparations from Caenorhabditis elegans. - [Read Detection of si/miRNA in C. elegans by Northern Blot Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi C. elegans Protocols

Protocol uses Rnase protection to detect short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in RNA preparations from Caenorhabditis elegans.  SiRNAs can also be detected by northern blot.  However, the Rnase protection assay seems to be more sensitive. - [Read Detection of siRNA in C. elegans Using Rnase Protection Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols

This assay is performed to detect ubiquitylated proteins in yeast. Yeast that have been transformed with a vector expressing polyhistidine-tagged ubiquitin (Ub) under the control of a copper-inducible promoter are grown, induced with copper, and harvested. Total ubiquitylated proteins are then recovered by nickel-affinity chromatography, and specific proteins are detected by Western blotting. - [Read Detection of Ubiquitylated Proteins in Yeast Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Photosynthesis and Respiration Protocols

This protocol describes how to determine the chlorophyll content of chloroplasts using a spectrophotometric assay. - [Read Determination of Chlorophyll Content in Chloroplasts]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Cell Cycle Analysis Protocols

Describes assays used to determine the distribution of a population of cells to the different stages of the cell cycle as analyzed by flow cytometry. Staining the DNA with different fluorescent dyes, propidium iodide or DAPI, is one of the most direct ways of staging the cells based on DNA content. - [Read Determining Cell Cycle Stages by Flow Cytometry Protocol]

Category: Yeast Cell Culture Protocols: Yeast Sporulation Protocols

Direct method for determining efficiency in yeast. The plating efficiency of a strain is a measure of the percentage of cells in a culture that are capable of forming colonies (colony forming . - [Read Determining Plating Efficiency in Yeast: Direct Method]

Category: Yeast Cell Culture Protocols: Yeast Sporulation Protocols

Protocol for the indirect method of determining plating efficiency in yeast. - [Read Determining Plating Efficiency in Yeast: Indirect Method Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Sequencing Protocols: Dideoxy Mediated Sequencing Protocols

Because sequencing reactions catalyzed by thermostable DNA polymerases such as Taq are carried out at elevated temperatures, problems caused by mismatched annealing of primers or templates rich in secondary structure are greatly alleviated. - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing of DNA Using Taq DNA Polymerase Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Sequencing Protocols: Dideoxy Mediated Sequencing Protocols

Protocol describes DNA-sequencing of single-stranded DNA templates in reactions catalyzed by Sequenase. - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing Reactions Using Bacteriophage T7 DNA Polymerase (Sequenase) Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Sequencing Protocols: Dideoxy Mediated Sequencing Protocols

In this protocol asymmetric PCR is used to generate single-stranded DNA templates for dideoxy-sequencing - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing Reactions Using PCR and End-labeled Primers Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Sequencing Protocols: Dideoxy Mediated Sequencing Protocols

Protocol for dideoxy-mediated sequencing reactions using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I and single-stranded DNA templates. - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing Reactions Using the Klenow Fragment of E. coli DNA Polymerase]

Category: E Coli Protocols: E coli Nucleic Acid Protocols

Protocol for dideoxy-mediated sequencing reactions using the Klenow Fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I and single-stranded DNA templates. - [Read Dideoxy-mediated Sequencing Reactions Using the Klenow Fragment of E. coli DNA Polymerase I]

Category: PCR Protocols

Method uses PCR to amplify and display many cDNAs derived from the mRNAs of a given cell or tissue type.  The method relies on two different types of synthetic oligonucleotides: anchored antisense primers and arbitrary sense primers.  A typical anchored primer is complementary to approx. 13 nucleotides of the poly(A) tail of mRNA and the adjacent two nucleotides of the transcribed sequence. - [Read Differential Display-PCR Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

Pluripotent ES cells can develop into many types of differentiated tissues if they are placed back into a differentiating environment. Often, differentiation proceeds through an intermediate stage called the embryoid body (EB). EBs can be manipulated further to generate more differentiated cell types. This protocol describes a method for differentiation of ES cells into EBs. - [Read Differentiating Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells into Embryoid Bodies Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols: Stem Cell Culture Protocols

In vitro differentiation of ES cells occurs when the cells are allowed to aggregate in suspension culture in the absence of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Hanging drops provide a uniform aggregate size, which is then expanded by continued growth in suspension culture. The embryoid bodies are then plated and allowed to differentiate further in culture. - [Read Differentiation of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method]

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols: Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols

Protocol for direct retrieval of DNA fragments from pulsed-field gels. A gel slice containing a fragment of DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is treated with agarase.  The released DNA can be used as a substrate for ligation or restriction without further purification. - [Read Direct Retrieval of DNA Fragments from Pulsed-field Gels Protocol]

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Genotyping Protocols: Mutation Detection Protocols

The goal of this method is to identify transcriptionally active genes in cloned segments of genomic DNA. The protocol uses hybridization and affinity purification to recover biotin-labeled cDNAs that bind to a 500-kb segment of human DNA cloned in a BAC vector. However, the method can be easily adapted to other clones of genomic DNAs cloned in high-capacity vectors. - [Read Direct Selection of cDNAs with Large Genomic DNA Clones Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immunoaffinity Chromatography Protocols

Protocol describes the directed coupling of antibody to protein G-agarose via its Fc domain, and subsequent covalent cross-linking of the complex using dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP). - [Read Directed Orientation of Antibodies during Preparation of Antibody Affinity Resin Protocol]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Vector Protocols

Directional cloning requires that the plasmid vector be cleaved with two restriction enzymes that generate incompatible termini and that the fragment of DNA to be cloned carries termini that are compatible with those of the doubly cleaved vector. - [Read Directional Cloning into Plasmid Vectors Protocol]