content Protocols

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols

Protocol on how to pour and run a neutral polyacrylamide gel. - [Read Neutral Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Immunoprecipitation Protocols: Protein Immunoprecipitation Protocols

Protocol describes a nondenaturing immunoprecipitation (IP) for mammalian cells. Prefer to use denaturing IPs to recover labeled proteins from pulse-chase experiments. However, the nondenaturing protocol is useful when one wishes to separate soluble from insoluble proteins, or when the antibody being used recognizes a native epitope. - [Read Nondenaturing Protein Immunoprecipitation from Mammalian Cells Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: DNA Sequencing Protocols: Big Dye Protocols

Protocol describes the purification, quantification, and subsequent sequencing of amplified DNA fragments using PCR. Excess nucleotides are removed from the initial PCR products using spun columns, and the products are quantified using fluorometry. - [Read Nonradioactive Cycle Sequencing of PCR-Amplified DNA Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Detection Protocols: Nucleic Acid Blotting Protocols

Protocol for northern hybridization. Protocol describes how to carry out northern hybridization at high stringency in phosphate-SDS-buffers.  Although a wide variety of formats are available, hybridization is usually performed in heat-sealable bags, roller bottles, or plastic boxes, as described here. - [Read Northern Hybridization Protocol]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Mutagenesis Protocols

Protocol for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis by elimination of a unique restriction site (USE mutagenesis). - [Read Oligonucleotide-directed Mutagenesis by Elimination of a Unique Restriction Site (USE Mutagenesis)]

Category: Cloning Protocols: Mutagenesis Protocols

Protocool for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of single-stranded DNA. - [Read Oligonucleotide-directed Mutagenesis of Single-stranded DNA Protocol]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Reproductive System Surgery Protocols

Protocol describes the cervical dislocation method for humane sacrifice of a mouse, as well as a technique for dissecting the female reproductive organs. Local institutional regulations should be followed for this procedure. - [Read Opening the Abdominal Cavity and Locating Female Reproductive Organs Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Dye Ligand Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Protocol for the optimization of absorption condition for dye-ligand affinity chromotography. Generally, low pH and low ionic strength, absence of phosphate ions, and the presence of divalent metals ions increase the binding of proteins to immobilized triazine dyes. - [Read Optimization of Adsorption Conditions for Dye-Ligand Affinity Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Dye Ligand Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Protocol for the optimization of elution condition for dye-ligand affinity chromotography. Elution methods used in dye-ligand affinity chromatography may be either selective or nonselective in nature.  Usually, selective elution methods are applied in combination with group-specific adsorbents, such as dye-ligand adsorbents, and nonselective elution methods are used in combination with highly specific adsorbents. - [Read Optimization of Elution Conditions for Dye-Ligand Affinity Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Protocol for the optimization of imidazole concentrations for immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. Most samples from which histidine-tagged proteins are to be purified also contain endogenous protein contaminants that bind to the immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) adsorbent.  Usually, these proteins bind more weakly than the histidine-tagged protein. - [Read Optimization of Imidazole Concentrations for Immobilized Metal-Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols

Protocol describes transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell lines using electroporation, a process whereby external application of electric pulses induce cell membrane permeability. Cells in suspension and small volume cells are difficult to transfect, whereas adherent cells and large volume cells are relatively easy. Regardless of cell size or phenotype, transfection efficiency increases with a high concentration of cells in a small volume. - [Read Optimizing Electrotransfection of Mammalian Cells In Vitro Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols: Electroporation Sonoporation Protocols

Protocol describes transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell lines using electroporation, a process whereby external application of electric pulses induce cell membrane permeability. A number of factors can affect electrotransfection efficiency. In general, cells in suspension and small volume cells are difficult to transfect, whereas adherent cells and large volume cells are relatively easy. - [Read Optimizing Electrotransfection of Mammalian Cells In Vitro Protocol]

Category: Protein Protocols: Western Blot Protocol: Troubleshooting Western Blots

Optimizing Western Blots: Pre-Transfer Invitrogen - [Read Optimizing Western Blots: Pre-Transfer Invitrogen]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Reproductive System Surgery Protocols

Protocol describes a method for removal of mouse ovaries in combination with the administration of progesterone, which causes the arrest of blastocyst development. This procedure is performed during the afternoon of the third day of pregnancy to ensure that the morulae have moved sufficiently into the oviducts and will be less likely to be damaged during the ovariectomy. - [Read Ovariectomy for Induction of Blastocyst Implantation Delay Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Protein complexes can be isolated by several different approaches.  For example, a protein can be tagged with an epitope such as Flag or TAP and then overexpressed in a target cell, allowing the interacting proteins to be purified.  Similarly, epitope tags can be homologously recombined into the endogenous locus ("knocked-in"), allowing protein complexes containing the tagged proteins to be isolated at their natural expression level. - [Read Overview of Affinity Purification in Combination with Mass Spectrometry Protocol]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Reproductive System Surgery Protocols

Protocol describes oviduct transfer of mouse embryos. It is based on the Whittingham method, which applied a well described procedure for the rat to the mouse. It is best to practice this procedure first on a cadaver and then on an anesthetized 0.5-dpc pseudopregnant mouse using a dye solution or blue Affigel beads rather than embryos to gain experience in finding the opening of the oviduct (infundibulum). - [Read Oviduct Transfer Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Protocol for packing an IMAC column. Protocol describes a procedure for packing a 30-ml immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) column with the aid of a pump. - [Read Packing an IMAC Column Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Liquid Chromatography Protocols

Protocol describes a procedure for adapting conventional HPLC systems to provide accurate low-flow rates (0.4-4 µl/min) and gradients required to operate slurry-packed capillary columns.  A key component of this system is a commercial axial-beam longitudinal flow cell that can be fitted to a number of commercial UV detectors. - [Read Packing Capillary Columns for RP-HPLC Protocol]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Liquid Chromatography Protocols

Protocol describes the packing of ceramic hydroxyapatite for HPLC. - [Read Packing Ceramic Hydroxyapatite Columns for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: Genomic DNA Isolation Protocols

Protocol is used to establish conditions for restriction enzyme digestion of eukaryotic genomic DNA that will generate fragments of a size appropriate for construction of genomic libraries.  To construct a genomic library, the average length of the starting genomic DNA should be at least eight times the capacity of the vector. - [Read Partial Digestion of Eukaryotic DNA for Use in Genomic Libraries: Pilot Reactions Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: Genomic DNA Isolation Protocols

The results of the pilot experiment (Partial Digestion of Eukaryotic DNA for Use in Genomic Libraries: Pilot Reactions) are used to establish conditions for partial digestion of eukaryotic DNA in the large-scale reactions described here. - [Read Partial Digestion of Eukaryotic DNA for Use in Genomic Libraries: Preparative Reactions Protocol]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Organ Removal Surgery Protocols

Protocol describes partial removal of a mouse liver to provide tissue for analysis. - [Read Partial Mouse Hepatectomy Protocol]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

This protocol describes passage of ES cells. They should be split at 1:3 to 1:7 every 2-3 days depending on their growth rate when they reach 70% confluency. They should never be allowed to grow past 90% confluency, but rather they should form tightly packed colonies not touching each other. - [Read Passage of Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: PCR Optimization

Procedure details the establishment of an amplification procedure for GC-rich sequences.  The DNA fragments of interest are amplified in the presence of either 5% DMSO, 1 M betaine, 2 M betaine, 1 M betaine, and 5% DMSO; 2 M betaine and 5% DMSO; 0.4 M tetramethylene sulfone; or without any of the enhancers. - [Read PCR Amplification of Highly GC-Rich Regions Protocol]

Category: Bacteria Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes a method to determine the presence of plasmid DNA in an Agrobacterium culture. Compared to selection of transformed Agrobacterium, which can be ambiguous and normally takes several days for resistant colonies to appear, the approach described here is both rapid and accurate. - [Read PCR Analysis of Agrobacterium Protocol]