content Protocols

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Genotyping Protocols: Mutation Detection Protocols

The double-stranded DNA of recombinant plasmid, phagemid, or bacteriophage M13 replicative form DNA is digested with two restriction enzymes whose sites of cleavage both lie between one end of the target DNA and the binding site for universal primer. The enzyme that cleaves nearer the target sequence must generate either a blunt end or a recessed 3' terminus; the other enzyme must generate a four-nucleotide protruding 3' terminus. - [Read Generation of Sets of Nested Deletion Mutants with Exonuclease III Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols

Method describes how to modify the termini of PCR products by introducing restriction sites and other features.  To reduce the chance of contamination with exogenous DNAs, prepare and use a special set of reagents and solutions for PCR only.  Bake all glassware for 6 hours at 150°C and autoclave all plasticware. - [Read Genetic Engineering with PCR Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: PCR Optimization

Method describes how to modify the termini of PCR products by introducing restriction sites and other features.  To reduce the chance of contamination with exogenous DNAs, prepare and use a special set of reagents and solutions for PCR only.  Bake all glassware for 6 hours at 150°C and autoclave all plasticware. - [Read Genetic Engineering with PCR Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols: Yeast Protein Protein Interactions Protocols

This procedure capitalizes on the asexual/sexual reproductive cycle of yeast cells. Laboratory yeast strains can be maintained indefinitely by asexual reproduction as one of two haploid mating types, MATa or MAT{alpha}. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols: Yeast Protein Protein Interactions Protocols

This protocol describes how to handle arrayed yeast using robotics. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array:]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols: Yeast Protein Protein Interactions Protocols

This protocol describes the first step in constructing an array: amplification of the predicted ORFs that are to be included in the array. Gene-specific primers containing vector-specific flanking sequences that facilitate recombinational cloning are used to amplify each ORF. A secondary amplification can be used to extend the length of the homologous vector sequence flanking the ORF. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array: Amplification of ORFs]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Protein Protocols: Yeast Protein Protein Interactions Protocols

This protocol describes three different storage methods for the array. Frozen stocks are the most permanent method and are an absolute requirement for maintaining a record of the array. - [Read Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using a Two-Hybrid Array: S]

Category: Genetics and Genomics: Genotyping Protocols: PCR Genotyping

This protocol describes a rapid PCR-based method for identifying targeted ES cell colonies prior to picking. It is based on DNA analysis of a small part of colonies pooled directly from selection plates. Only positive colonies are expanded. - [Read Genotyping Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Colonies Prior to Picking Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This protocol describes a method for recombining and culturing germ layer fragments. It is useful for testing the inductive properties of fragments from wild-type and mutant mouse embryos. - [Read Germ Layer Explant Recombination Culture Protocol]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol describes a method for recombining and culturing germ layer fragments. It is useful for testing the inductive properties of fragments from wild-type and mutant mouse embryos. - [Read Germ Layer Explant Recombination Culture Protocol]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Arabidopsis Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes the use of glufosinate ammonium to select transformed Arabidopsis plants. The major advantage of glufosinate ammonium selection is that it can be performed on plants growing in soil and does not require the use of sterile techniques. - [Read Glufosinate Ammonium Selection of Transformed Arabidopsis Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

For low-resolution work, cells to be used for staining can be grown directly on regular tissue-culture dishes. It is a convenient method that does not require much preparatory work. - [Read Growing Adherent Cells Directly on Tissue Dishes Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

Glass is an excellent substrate for most tissue-culture-adapted cells and is compatible with all fixing and staining solutions. Glass coverslips in tissue-culture dishes or in 24-well multiwell plates are suitable carriers, as are multiwell slides. For high-resolution studies, choose glass coverslips of the highest available grade; #1 or #1.5 coverslips are the appropriate thickness. - [Read Growing Adherent Cells on Coverslips or Multiwell Slides Protocol]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

Most manipulations with M13, including preparations of viral stocks and isolation of single- and double-stranded DNAs, begin with small-scale liquid cultures that are infected with an M13 plaque, picked from an agar plate. - [Read Growing Bacteriophage M13 in Liquid Culture Protocol]

Category: Laboratory Model Organisms Protocols

Protocol describes the growth and concentration of the alga Chlorogonium elongatum as a food source for culturing freshwater hypotrichs. Most freshwater hypotrichs (including Oxytricha nova, O. fallax, and O. trifallax; Euplotes aediculatus and E. eurystomous; and Stylonychia lemnae) can be grown to high density with Chlorogonium as the food organism. A similar regimen can be used to prepare other food sources such as Tetrahymena or bacteria (e.g., Aerobacter aerogenes). - [Read Growth and Concentration of Chlorogonium for Culturing Freshwater Hypotrichs Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Genetics Protocols: YACs Protocols

Protocol describes methods for isolation of DNA from a strain of S. cerevisiae carrying a recombinant YAC. Because the linear YAC DNAs are sensitive to shearing forces, pipettes with wide-bore tips should be used to transfer DNAs. The method is suitable for preparing DNA that will be used for agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, subcloning, genomic library construction, PCR, or other methods that do not require intact high-molecular-weight DNA. - [Read Growth of S. cerevisiae and Preparation of DNA Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: Genomic DNA Library Protocols

Standard techniques are used here to isolate cytoplasmic RNA from COS cells transfected with a library of recombinant plasmids containing the genomic DNA of interest. - [Read Harvesting the mRNA for Exon Trapping and Amplification]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Transformation Protocols: High Efficiency Yeast Transformation Protocols

Protocol for high-efficiency transformation of Yeast. - [Read High-Efficiency Transformation of Yeast Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: SNP Protocols

High-resolution SNP mapping by denaturing HPLC. A SNP mapping procedure that relies on resolving polymorphisms by denaturing HPLC without the necessity of determining the nature of the SNPs. They demonstrate the use of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to identify mutations in the candidate genes and to fine-map chromosomal breakpoints. - [Read High-resolution SNP mapping by denaturing HPLC]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Liquid Chromatography Protocols

Protocol for HPLC separation of digested proteins and preparation for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis. - [Read HPLC Separation of Digested Proteins and Preparation Protocol]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Hybridization Protocols

Protocol describes the direct detection of RNA on DNA microarrays using Hybrid Capture (HC) technology and the HC ExpressArray Kit developed by Diagene.  The kit uses a proprietary antibody that binds specifically to RNA:DNA hybrids and a second, fluorescently labeled, antibody that detects the primary antibody.  Total RNA is applied directly to a glass-spotted DNA microarray, and stable RNA:DNA hybrids are visualized via a Cy3-labeled secondary antibody. - [Read Hybridization and Detection Using the HC ExpressArray Kit Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Protocols

Using hybridization, it is possible to identify a single recombinant that carries the desired target sequence on a filter that carries the imprint of 15,000 or more plaques. - [Read Hybridization of Bacteriophage DNA on Filters Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Modification Protocols: Nucleic Acid Labeling Protocols

Hybridization is carried out in conventional aqueous solvents at a temperature well below the predicted melting temperature.  Nonspecific hybrids are then removed by washing at high stringency in buffers containing quaternary salts.  Tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl) is used with probes that are 14-50 nucleotides in length, whereas tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) is used with longer oligonucleotides. - [Read Hybridization of Oligonucleotide Probes in Aqueous Solutions Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Nucleic Acid Protocols

Protocol produces mutagenized DNA that can be used for transformation of either Escherichia coli or yeast. - [Read Hydroxylamine Mutagenesis of Plasmid DNA Protocol]

Category: Immunology: Immunoprecipitation Protocols: Immunoprecipitation of Radiolabeled Cells Protocols

Coimmunoprecipitation is most commonly used to test whether two proteins of interest are associated in vivo, but it can also be used to identify novel interacting partners of a target protein. In both cases, the cells, which may have been labeled with [35S]methionine, are harvested and lysed under conditions that preserve protein-protein interactions. The target protein is specifically immunoprecipitated from the cell extracts, and the immunoprecipitates are fractionated by SDS-PAGE. - [Read Identification of Associated Proteins by Coimmunoprecipitation Protocol]