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Long and Accurate PCR Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/1/pdb.prot4094

Protocol illustrates the rules of successful long PCR: No more than 1 ng of template DNA is used per microliter of PCR in a 100-µl reaction; approximately 0.1 µl of KlentaqLA (not plain Taq) is used per kilobase of target (for targets >10 kb, 1-1.3 µl of enzyme should be used); the Mg++ concentration is considered as the excess over the level of dNTPs. - [Read Long and Accurate PCR Protocol]

Long-PCR Reagents and Guidelines - http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/~lazo/methods/lazo/longpcr.html

Category: PCR Protocols: Quantitative PCR Protocols

General guidelines for long-PCR conditions and enzyme mixtures. Efficient long-PCR results from the use of two polymerases: a non-proofreading polymerase is the main polymerase in the reaction, and a proofreading polymerase (3' to 5' exo) is present at a lower concentration. Includes: For PCR with low-complexity templates (e.g., plasmid and cosmid inserts); For PCR with moderate-complexity templates (e.g., bacterial genomic DNA); For PCR with high-complexity templates (e.g., human genomic DNA). - [Read Long-PCR Reagents and Guidelines]

Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry Protocol - https://catalog.invitrogen.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=iProtocol.unitSectionTree&treeNodeID=9E661C4C9AC9935B31A1C2087E2276A3&objectid=6674EF32EE59A37C48B4A267D733CAE2

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: Flow Cytometry Protocols: Intracellular Ion Measurement Protocols

Describes flow cytometric protocols using the dyes Indo-1 AM, Fluo-3, and Fura Red AM to measure intracellular calcium concentration. Support protocols detail the use of calcium buffers to calibrate a flow cytometric calcium assay, and methods to facilitate dye loading; an alternate protocol describes the use of a spectrofluorimeter to measure intracellular calcium for those investigators without access to a flow cytometer. - [Read Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry Protocol]

Measuring Protein Concentration by Western Analysis Using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Detection - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/1/pdb.prot4255

Category: Western Blot Protocols: Antigen Detection Methods Protocols

Protocol describes, samples containing the target protein are deposited onto a polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) membrane using a vacuum manifold. The immobilized protein is exposed to an antibody specific for the target protein, followed by an antibody that reacts with species-specific determinants carried by the primary antibody and is conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). - [Read Measuring Protein Concentration by Western Analysis Using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Detection]

Metabolic Labeling & Immunoprecipitation Protocols - http://www.cbrinstitute.org/labs/springer/protocols/jun_35Slabeling_IP.html

Category: Immunology: Immunoprecipitation Protocols: Immunoprecipitation of Radiolabeled Cells Protocols

Cells incorporate 35S-methionine or cysteine during the protein synthesis. Thus it is essential to use Met,Cys-free medium and dialyzed FCS during the labeling. Short period of incubation with 35S-methionine or cysteine will result in radiolabeling (pulse), and additional incubation with excess concentration of unlabeled Met+Cys (chase) is needed for complex glycoproteins like integrins to get expressed as a maturated form. - [Read Metabolic Labeling & Immunoprecipitation Protocols]

Optimizing Electrotransfection of Mammalian Cells In Vitro Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/abstract/2006/1/pdb.prot4449

Category: Transfection Protocols

Protocol describes transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell lines using electroporation, a process whereby external application of electric pulses induce cell membrane permeability. Cells in suspension and small volume cells are difficult to transfect, whereas adherent cells and large volume cells are relatively easy. Regardless of cell size or phenotype, transfection efficiency increases with a high concentration of cells in a small volume. - [Read Optimizing Electrotransfection of Mammalian Cells In Vitro Protocol]

Preparation of Electrolyte Gradient Gels Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot3795

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols

Protocol for the preparation of electrolyte gradient gels. Electrolyte gradients are formed when buffers of different concentrations are used in the upper (low electrolyte concentration) and lower (high electrolyte concentration) chambers of the electrophoresis device. - [Read Preparation of Electrolyte Gradient Gels Protocol]

Preparation of KC Nuclear Extract for In Vitro Splicing - http://www.bio.com/protocolstools/protocol.jhtml%3Bjsessionid%3D34E3CBZRBQMFZR3FQLMCFEWHUWBNSIV0?id=p521

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

Protocol for preparation of KC nuclear extract for in vitro splicing. Protocol makes 3.4 ml of extract for every 4 liter of cells (depending on initial cell concentration). Protocol includes: Procedure, Solutions, BioReagents and Chemicals and protocol hints. - [Read Preparation of KC Nuclear Extract for In Vitro Splicing]

Proliferative Assays for B Cell Function Protocol - https://catalog.invitrogen.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=iProtocol.unitSectionTree&treeNodeID=9E663429ABD843E3419A0C3061FDD3E4&objectid=6674AEBEC084AF4DB9D3826E3ED9B9A5

Category: Immunology: B Cell Protocols

Describes procedures for measuring the capacity of purified B cells to undergo proliferation. The method centers on the use of polyclonal stimulating agents (mitogens) because these agents stimulate the majority of B cells and because the alternative (measurement of antigen-induced proliferation) requires the laborious procedures of isolating antigen-specific B cells (which are otherwise present in too low a concentration in whole B cell populations). - [Read Proliferative Assays for B Cell Function Protocol]

Protcol for In Vitro Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Transport Reaction in Yeast - http://www.bio.com/protocolstools/protocol.jhtml?id=p1831

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

Protocol includes information on: Preparation of Membranes; One-Stage Reaction; Two-Stage Reaction using Normal Amount of Membranes; Two-Stage Reaction using Low Concentration of Membranes. - [Read Protcol for In Vitro Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi Transport Reaction in Yeast]

Protein Purification Using Immobilized Metal-Ion Affinity Chromatography under Optimized Imidazole - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/9/pdb.prot4262

Category: Chromatography Protocols: Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography Protocols

Perform this protocol after determining the imidazole concentration that yields the best purification of the recombinant protein of interest. - [Read Protein Purification Using Immobilized Metal-Ion Affinity Chromatography under Optimized Imidazole]

Protein Purification: Column Chromatography - Ion exchange; Dialysis and Concentration - http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/bch5425/lect30/lect30.htm

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Purification and Identification

Protein Purification: Column Chromatography - Ion exchange; Dialysis and Concentration. Blaber lecture - [Read Protein Purification: Column Chromatography - Ion exchange; Dialysis and Concentration]

Purification of Caveolae Membranes from a Plasma Membrane Fraction of Cultured Cells and Tissues - http://www.axis-shield.com/densityhome/optiprep/S19.pdf

Category: Cell Organelle Protocols: Subcellular Fractionation Protocols: Membrane Isolation Protocols

The first part of the isolation procedure is a flotation through a continuous iodixanol gradient; this gradient is essentially a resolving gradient in which the caveolin-rich vesicles are concentrated in the top third of the gradient, while the predominantly caveolin-poor vesicles band in denser regions. A second discontinuous gradient is essentially a concentration gradient to band the caveolin-rich vesicles sharply at an interface. - [Read Purification of Caveolae Membranes from a Plasma Membrane Fraction of Cultured Cells and Tissues]

Purification of Closed Circular DNA by Equilibrium Centrifugation in CsCl-Ethidium Bromide Gradients - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot3927

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Plasmid Preps Protocols

Solutions containing plasmid DNA are adjusted to a density of 1.55 g/ml with solid CsCl. The intercalating dye, ethidium bromide, which binds differentially to closed circular and linear DNAs, is then added to a concentration of 200 mu;g/ml. During centrifugation to equilibrium, the closed circular DNA and linear DNAs form bands at different densities. - [Read Purification of Closed Circular DNA by Equilibrium Centrifugation in CsCl-Ethidium Bromide Gradients]

Quantification made easy - for DNA and Protein Concentration Protocol - http://www.eppendorfna.com/applications/quant_easy.asp?SX=NF&

Category: General Research Protocols and Methods: Spectrophotometry Protocols

Nucleic acid determination. Protein determination Procedure and protocol. Eppendorf. - [Read Quantification made easy - for DNA and Protein Concentration Protocol]

Quantitative PCR Protocol II - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot3842

Category: PCR Protocols: Quantitative PCR Protocols

Quantitative PCR involves co-amplification of two templates: a constant amount of a preparation containing the desired target sequence and serial dilutions of a reference template that is added in known amounts to a series of amplification reactions. The concentration of the target sequence is determined by simple interpolation into a standard curve. - [Read Quantitative PCR Protocol II]

Radiolabeling of DNA Probes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot3848

Category: Nucleic Acid Modification Protocols: Nucleic Acid Radiolabeling Protocols

In this protocol, double-stranded DNA probes, labeled in each strand, are produced in conventional PCRs containing equal concentrations of two primers, a double-stranded DNA template, three unlabeled dNTPs at concentrations exceeding the Km, and one [{alpha}-32P]dNTP at a concentration at or slightly above the Km (2-3 µm) for a thermostable DNA polymerase such as Taq. - [Read Radiolabeling of DNA Probes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol]

Radiolabeling of DNA Probes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot3848

Category: PCR Protocols

Protocol describes how double-stranded DNA probes, labeled in each strand, are produced in conventional PCRs containing equal concentrations of two primers, a double-stranded DNA template, three unlabeled dNTPs at concentrations exceeding the Km, and one [{alpha}-32P]dNTP at a concentration at or slightly above the Km (2-3 µm) for a thermostable DNA polymerase such as Taq. - [Read Radiolabeling of DNA Probes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol]

Retrieval of DNA Fragments from Pulsed-field Gels following DNA Concentration Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot4035

Category: Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Protocols: Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols

Protocol for retrieval of DNA fragments from pulsed-field gels following DNA concentration. DNA contained in a slice of low-melting-temperature agarose is first concentrated by electrophoresis into a high-percentage agarose gel, and then isolated by treatment with agarase. The resulting DNA preparation is purified by microdialysis. - [Read Retrieval of DNA Fragments from Pulsed-field Gels following DNA Concentration Protocol]

Screening a cDNA Library for use with HybriZAP zebrafish cDNA libraries - http://www.cbs.umn.edu/~kclark/protocols/library.html

Category: RNA Protocols: cDNA Libraries Library

Procedures: Titer the library to determine the concentration of infectious phage, Plate and lift the phage particles, Hybridize the immobilized cDNA with labeled probe, Pick positive plaques. Karl Clark U. Minn. - [Read Screening a cDNA Library for use with HybriZAP zebrafish cDNA libraries]

Southern Blotting: Simultaneous Transfer of DNA from a Single Agarose Gel to Two Membranes Protocol - http://www.cshprotocols.org/cgi/content/extract/2006/2/pdb.prot4043

Category: Nucleic Acid Detection Protocols: Nucleic Acid Blotting Protocols

Protocol for southern blotting: simultaneous transfer of DNA from a single agarose gel to two membranes. DNA can be simultaneously transferred from opposite sides of a single agarose gel to two membranes. Bidirectional transfer occurs rapidly at first, but soon slows down as the gel becomes dehydrated. Because the efficiency of transfer is low, the method works best when the target sequences are present in high concentration - [Read Southern Blotting: Simultaneous Transfer of DNA from a Single Agarose Gel to Two Membranes Protocol]

Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids' Concentration Tool - http://molbiol.ru/eng/scripts/01_03.html

Category: General Research Protocols and Methods: Spectrophotometry Protocols

Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids' Concentration Tool. This bioinformatic program help calculate the concentration of nucleic acids according to optical density (including DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides). Zbio - [Read Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids' Concentration Tool]

Spectrophotometry - http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/appds/appd-g.html

Category: General Research Protocols and Methods: Spectrophotometry Protocols

Bradford Protein Assay, Lowry Protein Assay, Biuret Assay. Protein concentration measurement. Dr. Heidcamp, Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College. - [Read Spectrophotometry]

TCA Protein concentration of Laemmli gel samples - http://kinase.uhnres.utoronto.ca/methods/TCA.html

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Quantitation Concentration Protocols

TCA Protein concentration of Laemmli gel samples. Woodgett Lab. - [Read TCA Protein concentration of Laemmli gel samples]

Tetrahymena Thermophila Ocular Irritancy Test - http://embryo.ib.amwaw.edu.pl/invittox/prot/22.htm

Category: Pharmacology and Toxicology Protocols: Cytotoxicity Protocols: Microorganism Cytotoxicity Assays Protocols

The basis of this test is that a cytotoxic chemical (regardless of site or mechanism of action) will interfere with the normal motility of the protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, in culture. The degree of interference of motility as compared to control cultures, related to the concentration of the test compound, provides an indication of toxicity. - [Read Tetrahymena Thermophila Ocular Irritancy Test]

Articles (1-7 of 7)

Single Stranded Plasmid DNA Isolation Protocol

A Single Stranded Plasmid DNA Isolation Protocol describing the production and isolation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using bacteriophagemid-containing bacteria and helper phage. Infection of the host cells with helper phage allows for packaging of ssDNA into bacteriophage. The ssDNA can then be isolated from phage particles.

Genomic DNA Labeling of Microarrays Protocol

DNA microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules complementary to genes of interest that are "spotted" by robotic equipment onto a glass slide substrate. The expression of genes in cells can be monitored with microarrays by preparing cDNA from the mRNA of cells of interest and measuring the hybridization to the microarray. This protocol describes the labeling of genomic DNA for use as a probe for hybridization to the cDNA spotted on the array.

Tubulin Polymerization Protocol using GTP and GMPCPP

Tubulin is polymerized into microtubules by incubating tubulin at 37°C with GTP. A nucleation seed is added when the purpose is to assay microtubule elongation. Tubulin can also be polymerized for the purposes of recycling the tubulin or labeling the microtubules with fluorescently labeled tubulin. Based on the protocol by Timothy Mitchison of Harvard University.

In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol

In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.

Coupling Cysteine Containing Peptides to Carrier Protein for Immunization and Polyclonal Antibody

This protocol is used in the production of polyclonal antibodies that recognize a peptide sequence of interest.

Absorption Spectroscopy and Quantification of Filamentous Phage Protocol

Unlike spherical phage, such as T4 and λ, which have roughly equal weight ratios of protein to DNA, filamentous phage have about six times more protein than DNA; the protein therefore contributes substantially to the absorption spectrum.

Picking Transfected ES Cell Clones Protocol

This protocol a protocol on how to generate transfected embryonic stem (ES) cell clones. The previous protocol in this series is the Protocol for Electroporation of ES cells. The next protocol in the series is the Protocol on Disaggregation, Expansion, and Freezing of Transfected ES Clones.

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