Protocol for extraction and purification of total RNA using TRIzol OR TRI reagent. Includes: Homogenization for Cell Suspensions; Phase Separation; RNA Precipitation; RNA Wash; Redissolving the RNA; Determination of RNA Concentration and Purity; Preparation of Rnase-free water. - [Read Extraction and Purification of Total RNA using TRIzol OR TRI Reagent Protocol]
Treatment of Cells with 5-aza-dC. protocol PDF- http://www.shmu.edu.cn/courses/2005aut/upload/20051116/Hongmei%20Xu%202003%20CANCER%20RESEARCH%20%20Aberrant%20Methylation%20and%20Silencing%20of%20ARHI,%20an%20Imprinted%20Tumor%20Suppressor%20Gene%20in%20which%20the%20Function%20Is%20Lost%20in%20Breast%
"Cells were seeded at a density of 1X106 cells/100-mm dish with 10% FBS and
allowed to attach over a 24-h period. 5-Aza-dC (Sigma) was then added to a
final concentration of 0.2–1 M, and the cells were allowed to grow for 5 days. The medium with or w - [Read Treatment of Cells with 5-aza-dC. protocol PDF]
Cytokine sandwich ELISA are sensitive enzyme immunoassays that can specifically detect and quantitate the concentration of soluble cytokine and chemokine proteins. BD Biosciences - [Read Cytokine ELISA Protocol]
TransWell Chemotaxis protocol. trans-well chemotaxis method from bioprotocol. The protocol is a method for studying migration towards a concentration gradient of chemoattractant of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) or other migratory cells. An upper chamber containing a suspension of cells is separated by a membrane from a lower chamber containing medium with chemoattractant. Chemotaxis of the cells from the upper chamber into the lower chamber can be quantified. - [Read TransWell Chemotaxis Protocol.]
Bradford Protein Assay, Lowry Protein Assay, Biuret Assay. Protein concentration measurement. Dr. Heidcamp, Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College. - [Read Spectrophotometry]
Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids' Concentration Tool. This bioinformatic program help calculate the concentration of nucleic acids according to optical density (including DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides). Zbio - [Read Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nucleic Acids' Concentration Tool]
Absorbance assays are fast and convenient, since no additional reagents or incubations are required. No protein standard need be prepared. The assay does not consume the protein. The relationship of absorbance to protein concentration is linear. Because different proteins and nucleic acids have widely varying absorption characteristics there may be considerable error, especially for unknowns or protein mixtures. - [Read Absorbance Assay 280 nm]
Titering" a phage means measuring the concentration of phage in a given solution. Titering Procedure. Rob Philip's Group. - [Read Titering & Propagation of Phage]
The bradford dye-binding assay is a colorimetric assay for measuring total protein concentration. It involves the binding of Coomassie Brilliant blue to protein. There is no interference from cations nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose.
Detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and triton x-100 can interfere with the assay, as well as strongly alkaline solutions.
Includes a general overview of the procedure and preparation of the standards in the protocol. - [Read Bradford Assay Method]
The first part of the isolation procedure is a flotation through a continuous iodixanol gradient; this gradient is essentially a resolving gradient in which the caveolin-rich vesicles are concentrated in the top third of the gradient, while the predominantly caveolin-poor vesicles band in denser regions. A second discontinuous gradient is essentially a concentration gradient to band the caveolin-rich vesicles sharply at an interface. - [Read Purification of Caveolae Membranes from a Plasma Membrane Fraction of Cultured Cells and Tissues]
Includes Abbreviations, Background, and Procedure steps using BSA. The Bradford protein assay (1) is one of several simple methods commonly used to determine the total protein concentration of a sample. The method is based on the proportional binding of the dye Coomassie to proteins. The assay is colorimetric; as the protein concentration increases, the color of the test sample becomes darker. Coomassie absorbs at 595 nm. - [Read Bradford Protein Concentration Assay]
Concentration of DNA by Ethanol Precipitation Protocol. Adapted fromBruce A. Roe, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma. Usually 2.5 - 3 volumes of ethanol and/or acetate solution is added to the DNA in a microcentrifuge tube. This is then put into an ice-water bath for at least 10 minutes. The precipitation is performed by incubation at -20C overnight. - [Read Concentration of Oligo DNA by Ethanol Precipitation Protocol]
Protocol describes the quantitation of DNA using Hoechst 33258, a fluorescent dye that binds to double-stranded DNA. Fluorometry is simple and more sensitive than spectrophotometry, and allows the detection of nanogram quantities of DNA. The assay can only be used to measure the concentration of DNAs whose sizes exceed ~1 kb, as Hoechst 33258 binds poorly to smaller DNA fragments. - [Read Fluorometric Quantitation of DNA Using Hoechst 33258 Protocol]
Different cell types vary in their phosphatidylserine (PS) content, along with the amount of PS exposure on the cell surface after cell death. This protocol is a guideline for getting started, however it may be necessary to adjust the concentration of the Annexin V-FITC. - [Read Annexin V Protocol for Flow Cytometry]
Bradford Protein Assay Spectrophotometry. Includes spectrophotometry information and the Bradford protein assay: A spectrophotometer or colorimeter makes use of the transmission of light through a solution to determine the concentration of a solute within the solution. A spectrophtometer differs from a colorimeter in the manner in which light is separated into its component wavelengths. A spectrophotometer uses a prism to separate light and a colorimeter uses filters. - [Read Bradford Protein Assay Spectrophotometry]
Protocol for GUS reporter gene assay. Includes: Protein isolation; Alternative method for small (<1g) quantities of tissue; GUS assays; Bradford protein concentration determination assays - [Read GUS Reporter Gene Assay Protocol]
Quantitative PCR involves co-amplification of two templates: a constant amount of a preparation containing the desired target sequence and serial dilutions of a reference template that is added in known amounts to a series of amplification reactions. The concentration of the target sequence is determined by simple interpolation into a standard curve. - [Read Quantitative PCR Protocol II]
Find a list of assays for the determination of protein concentration in a solution. This list includes the sensitivity range, volume/amount of sample needed, subjective comments on accuracy and convenience, and major interfering agents. Procedural details, equipment requirements, and references are outlined in the individual assay documents. - [Read List of Protein Assays]
Describes flow cytometric protocols using the dyes Indo-1 AM, Fluo-3, and Fura Red AM to measure intracellular calcium concentration. Support protocols detail the use of calcium buffers to calibrate a flow cytometric calcium assay, and methods to facilitate dye loading; an alternate protocol describes the use of a spectrofluorimeter to measure intracellular calcium for those investigators without access to a flow cytometer. - [Read Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry Protocol]
Ultrafiltration is an alternative to ethanol precipitation for the concentration and desalting of nucleic acid solutions. It requires no phase change and is particularly useful for dealing with very low concentrations of nucleic acids. This protocol describes the use of the Microcon cartridge, a centrifugal ultrafiltration device, to concentrate and desalt nucleic acid solutions. - [Read Concentrating and Desalting Nucleic Acids with Microconcentrators Protocol]
A Single Stranded Plasmid DNA Isolation Protocol describing the production and isolation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using bacteriophagemid-containing bacteria and helper phage. Infection of the host cells with helper phage allows for packaging of ssDNA into bacteriophage. The ssDNA can then be isolated from phage particles.
DNA microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules complementary to genes of interest that are "spotted" by robotic equipment onto a glass slide substrate. The expression of genes in cells can be monitored with microarrays by preparing cDNA from the mRNA of cells of interest and measuring the hybridization to the microarray. This protocol describes the labeling of genomic DNA for use as a probe for hybridization to the cDNA spotted on the array.
Tubulin is polymerized into microtubules by incubating tubulin at 37°C with GTP. A nucleation seed is added when the purpose is to assay microtubule elongation. Tubulin can also be polymerized for the purposes of recycling the tubulin or labeling the microtubules with fluorescently labeled tubulin. Based on the protocol by Timothy Mitchison of Harvard University.
In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.
Unlike spherical phage, such as T4 and λ, which have roughly equal weight ratios of protein to DNA, filamentous phage have about six times more protein than DNA; the protein therefore contributes substantially to the absorption spectrum.
This protocol a protocol on how to generate transfected embryonic stem (ES) cell clones. The previous protocol in this series is the Protocol for Electroporation of ES cells. The next protocol in the series is the Protocol on Disaggregation, Expansion, and Freezing of Transfected ES Clones.