Includes Abbreviations, Background, and Procedure steps using BSA. The Bradford protein assay (1) is one of several simple methods commonly used to determine the total protein concentration of a sample. The method is based on the proportional binding of the dye Coomassie to proteins. The assay is colorimetric; as the protein concentration increases, the color of the test sample becomes darker. Coomassie absorbs at 595 nm. - [Read Bradford Protein Concentration Assay]
Protocol to demonstrate amyloid deposits in tissue sections. When stained with the Congo Red Stain the amyloid, with the aide of polarizing lenses, will birefringe an apple green color. Under the microscope. - [Read Congo Red Putcher's Modification Amyloid Protocol]
When imaging specimens in the optical microscope, differences in intensity and/or color create image contrast, which allows individual features and details of the specimen to become visible. Contrast is defined as the difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background relative to the overall background intensity. In general, a minimum contrast value of 0.02 (2 percent) is needed by the human eye to distinguish differences between the image and its background. - [Read Contrast in Optical Microscopy]
Data for fluorescent dye properties. Includes: Fluorochrome, Excitation in(nm), Emission in (nm) and Color Application. - [Read Fluorescent Dye Properties Data]
There are several strategies to visualize the antibody. For transmitted light microscopy, color development substrates for enzymes are often used. The antibody can be directly
labeled with the enzyme. However, such a covalent link between an antibody and an enzyme might result in a loss of both enzyme and antibody activity. For these reasons
several multistep staining procedures have been developed, where intermediate link antibodies are used. In this protocol use the Vectastain ABC-kit. - [Read Immunocytochemistry in Free-Floating Sections Protocol]
Protocol for In situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes using DIG-, biotin-, or fluorochrome-labeled DNA probes and detection with fluorochrome conjugates. Includes: Pretreatment of metaphase spreads on slides; Denaturation and hybridization; Single color fluorescent detection with immunological amplification; Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (Multicolor FISH); Results obtained with human metaphase chromosome spreads. - [Read In Situ Hybridization to Human Metaphase Chromosomes using DIG-, Biotin- or Fluorochrome-Labeled DNA]
This assay is used to measure cell viability. It is a two-color fluorescence assay that simultaneously determines: Live cell number and Dead cell number. - [Read Live Dead Assay for Cell Viability Protocol]
Assay measures cell viability. It is a two-color fluorescence assay that simultaneously determines Live cell number and Dead cell number. This protocol is designed for use with the GEMINI XS Microplate Spectrofluorometer, a multi-well plate scanner with dual excitation/emission capabilities, but the assay is also adaptable for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Includes: Cell Culture; Preparation for the Assay; Live/Dead Assay; Reading the Plate; Data Analysis; Alternative protocol. - [Read Live/Dead Assay for Cell Viability Protoco]
Lowry Protein Assay. The Lowry procedure is one of the most venerable and widely-used protein assays, being first described in 1951 [Lowry et al., J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275 (1951)]. Under alkaline conditions, copper complexes with protein. When folin phenol reagent (phospho-molybdic-phosphotungstic reagent) is added, the Folin-phenol reagent binds to the protein. Bound reagent is slowly reduced and changes color from yellow to blue. P.J. Hansen, Dept. of Animal Sciences, University of Florida. - [Read Lowry Protein Assay]
Protocols for Neurospora methods. Includes: Standard strains; Crosses; Minimal medium; Color coding of media; Agar substrate for manipulation and isolation; Stock solutions of supplements; Mating-type tests; Preservation of stocks by silica gel; Cleaning of glassware; Control of mites. - [Read Neurospora Methods Protocols]
PCR GENOTYPING PROTOCOL. 1) Cut toes of mice at approx. ten days of age and record sex, color, and strain. ... Back to Mouse Genotyping Resources. - [Read PCR GENOTYPING PROTOCOL]
Protocol for RNA whole mount in situ hybridization. Includes: Embryo preparation; Prehybridization and Hybridization; Post-hybridization washes, blocking, and antibody incubation; Post-antibody washes; Color development. - [Read RNA Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Protocol]
Protocol for simple staining. Smear is stained with a solution of a single dye which stains all cells the same color. Differentiation of cell types or structures is not the objective of the simple stain. However, certain structures which are not stained by this method may be easily seen, for example, endospores and lipid inclusions. - [Read Simple Staining Protocol]
Protocols for performing wholemount fluorescent in situs. Instructions for two-color FISH and for a combination of fluorescent and colorimetric in situs we have called FCIS. Data can be imaged with a fluorescence stereoscope or a confocal. - [Read Xenopus Fluorescent in situs and FCIS Protocol]
DNA microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules complementary to genes of interest that are "spotted" by robotic equipment onto a glass slide substrate. The expression of genes in cells can be monitored with microarrays by preparing cDNA from the mRNA of cells of interest and measuring the hybridization to the microarray. This protocol describes the labeling of genomic DNA for use as a probe for hybridization to the cDNA spotted on the array.
This Microarray Protocol Preparation of Fluorescent DNA Probes from Human mRNA protocol describes the production of probes labeled with the fluorescent dyes, Cy3 and Cy5, following the synthesis of cDNA from human mRNA and the hybridization of the probes to DNA microarrays.