biological Protocols

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Carbohydrate Protocols

High performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC) is a useful procedure to investigate he interactions between carbohydrate binding protein and their ligands. Technical requirements are similar to conventional HPLC. HPLAC can screen and separate natural ligands from complex biological mixtures. WeiTong Wang~GlycoTech Corporation, Rockville, Maryland - [Read Analysis of Oligosaccharide Ligands by High Performance Liquid Affinity Chromatography]

Category: Buffers Media, and Solutions: Buffer Theory

Biological Buffers a reference. Sigma - [Read Biological Buffers a reference]

Category: Immunology: Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis Practical. Thierry Soldati. Department of Biological Sciences Animal and Plant Physiology. The assay in brief. Safety and Good Laboratory Practice: Working in a Cell Biology Laboratory. I-Chemotaxis Assay. Observation of Dictyostelium development stages. - [Read Chemotaxis Practical]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol used to study secretion of proteins and prostaglandins by endometrium from the cow, ewe, mare, bitch and other species. The technique is also useful for culture of peri-implantation conceptuses and placental tissues for metabolic labelling studies and to obtain conceptus secretory proteins for biological studies.The medium used is called Pig MEM, which is a modified minimum essential medium supplemented with non-essential amino acids, vitamins, insulin and additional glucose. - [Read Culture of Endometrial Explants and Peri-implantation Conceptuses to Monitor Synthesis and Secretion]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Live-Cell Imaging Protocols

When choosing a particular molecule for photoactivation studies, it is necessary to have some structural knowledge of the molecule in order to design an appropriately caged species that will retain its biological inactivity until uncaging is effected. Includes synthesis of caged peptides or proteins. - [Read Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Caged Compounds]

Category: Microinjection Protocols: Microinjection of Proteins Protocols

When choosing a particular molecule for photoactivation studies, it is necessary to have some structural knowledge of the molecule in order to design an appropriately caged species that will retain its biological inactivity until uncaging is effected. - [Read Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Caged Compounds Protocol]

Category: Recombinant Protein Protocols

Expression of a prokaryotic P-type ATPase in E. coli Plasma Membranes and Purification by Ni2+-affinity chromatography. Biological Procedures Online - [Read Expression of a prokaryotic P-type ATPase in E. coli Plasma Membranes and Purification by Ni2+-affin]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Fluorescence Microscopy Protocols

Most biological specimens are relatively transparent, so details of internal and intracellular morphology are difficult to image in untreated living specimens using simple bright-field techniques. Fluorescence microscopy offers greater advantages and possibilities for increasing contrast and determining the specific localization of molecules in cells. Article outlines the three methods most commonly used to introduce an appropriate label into Drosophila tissue without perturbing the process. - [Read Fluorescent Reagents for Live Cell Imaging and Their Introduction into Cells]

Category: Plant Biology Protocols: Arabidopsis Genetics Protocols

Forward genetics is used to identify genes that are involved in particular biological processes. For example, genes required for disease resistance can be found by identifying mutants with reduced or increased disease resistance, genes that control flower development can be identified by searching for mutants with altered flower morphology, and genes encoding enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis can be identified by searching for mutants that require exogenous tryptophan for growth. - [Read Forward Genetics in Arabidopsis: Finding Mutations that Cause Particular Phenotypes Protocol]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Aspergillus Protocols

Compendium of protocols for using Aspergillus nidulans in genetic, molecular, and cell biological investigations, originally written for members of my research group. It also summarizes our common growth media and nutritional supplements, many of which originally appeared elsewhere but now are difficult to locate. Includes: Growth and storage of Aspergillus nidulans conidia; Nutritional supplements for our common auxotrophies; Double mutants; Mitotic mapping - assigning genes to chromosomes; etc - [Read Fundamentals of Growth, Storage, Genetics and Microscopy of Aspergillus nidulans Protocols]

Category: Microscopy Protocols

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is one of the most powerful tools for determining the surface topography of native biomolecules at subnanometer resolution. The AFM can also provide insight into the binding properties of biological systems. In order to determine the specific interaction between two kinds of molecules (e.g., avidin and biotin). Includes information on principle of AFM and application of AFM. - [Read Imaging, Measuring and Manipulating Native Biomolecular Systems with the Atomic Force Microscope]

Category: Gene Delivery Protocols: DNA Nanoparticles Protocols

Lipoplex (cationic liposome-DNA complex) is formed via electrostatic interaction of anionic nucleic acids with cationic liposomes. A thin film of lipids is dried on the bottom of a glass tube and rehydrated in an aqueous solution. The resulting liposome suspension is passed through polycarbonate filters of desired pore size. This protocol also describes the preparation, physical properties, and biological activity of liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD) nanoparticles. - [Read Lipoplex and LPD Nanoparticles for In Vivo Gene Delivery Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Confocal Microscopy Protocols

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a relatively new light microscopical imaging technique which has found wide applications in the biological sciences. The primary value of the CLSM to the biologist is its ability to produce optical sections through a 3-D specimen-e.g., an entire cell or a piece of tissue - that, to a good approximation, contain information from only one focal plane. Article includes principle and applications of confocal laser scanning microscope. - [Read Looking Inside Cells and Tissues by Optical Sectioning with a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Culture Contamination Prevention and Removal Protocols

For both biological and economical reasons, it is important to eliminate mycoplasmas from cell cultures being used for basic research, diagnosis, and biotechnological production. The most commonly used method for elimination, inactivation, or suppression of mycoplasmas in cell cultures is treatment with antibiotics. In general, antibiotic therapies do not result in long-lasting, successful elimination. Also, the cytotoxic properties of antibiotics can cause undesirable side effects on cells. - [Read Mycoplasma Elimination Reagent Protocol]

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Phage Protocols and Methods

Plating Lambda Phage to Generate Plaques. Elution of Phage. Phage DNA Extraction. Dr.Wurtzel. Dept. Biological Sciences, Lehman College. - [Read Phage Titer]

Category: Radioactivity

Radioactivity to Biological Amount of dNTPs. (Practical Molecular Biology) - [Read Radioactivity to Biological Amount of dNTPs]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Culture Contamination Prevention and Removal Protocols

No cell culture problem is as universal as that of culture loss due to contamination. All cell culture laboratories and cell culture workers have experienced it. Culture contaminants may be biological or chemical, seen or unseen, destructive or seemingly benign, but in all cases they adversely affect both the use of your cell cultures and the quality of your research. Contamination problems can be divided into three classes: Minor annoyances, Serious problems, Major catastrophes. - [Read Understanding and Managing Cell Culture Contamination Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Optical Microscopy Protocols

The light microscope allows dynamic biological processes to be imaged in their native (i.e., aqueous) environment with relatively high temporal resolution. However, the diffraction-limited resolution is low. When working at or beyond the diffraction-limited resolution of the LM, a disadvantage of fluorescence imaging is the relatively low signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the images. However, this can be increased significantly by video and computer technology. - [Read Watching Molecular Motors at Work by Video-Enhanced Light Microscopy]