approximately Protocols

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Insect Cell Culture Protocols

This protocol is designed to adapt High Five™ (BTI-Tn-4) cells to serum-free suspension culture in HyQ SFX-Insect in 5 passages. The entire adaptation process takes approximately two weeks and the resulting adapted cells have doubling times of 16 and 20 hours and minimal clumping in suspension culture. - [Read Adaptation of High Five™ Cells to HyQ© SFX Insect Medium]

Category: Stem Cell Protocols

Protocol for the electroporation of ES cells. Cells are routinely passaged two days prior to electroporating. Usually one 10 cm plate at approximately 80% confluency will provide enough cells for 1-2 electroporations. - [Read Electroporation of ES Cells Protocol]

Category: Yeast Protocols: Yeast Genetics Protocols

Protocol describes mutagenesis of yeast with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). It causes approximately 40-70% cell death in most haploid laboratory strains, a level of cell killing that is commonly used in mutant hunts with haploid strains. - [Read Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) Mutagenesis Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This procedure describes the isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes from one heart. The isolation routinely yields approximately 1 million rodshaped myocytes per heart. - [Read Isolation of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes from One Heart Protocol]

Category: Mouse Protocols: Mouse Cell Culture Protocols

Protocol describes the isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes from one heart. The isolation routinely yields approximately 1 million rodshaped myocytes per heart. - [Read Isolation of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes from One Heart Protocol]

Category: Primary Cell Isolation and Culture Protocols: Mammalian Cell Culture Protocols

This procedure describes the isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes from two or more hearts. Includes modifications for the digestion of two or more hearts in the same procedure and subsequent pooling of myocytes derived from the multiple hearts. The isolation procedure is performed by one or more technicians and routinely yields approximately 1 million rod-shaped myocytes per heart. - [Read Isolation of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes from Two or More Hearts Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Isolation from Mammalian Cells Protocols

Method of choice when large amounts of mammalian DNA are required, for example, for Southern blotting (Rapid Isolation of Mammalian DNA, Rapid Isolation of Yeast DNA, Southern Blotting: Capillary Transfer of DNA to Membranes) or for construction of genomic libraries in bacteriophage {lambda} vectors.  Approximately 200 µg of mammalian DNA, 100-150 kb in length, is obtained from 5 x 107 cultured aneuploid mammalian cells (e.g., HeLa cells). - [Read Isolation of High-molecular-weight DNA from Mammalian Cells Using Proteinase K and Phenol Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols

Protocol illustrates the rules of successful long PCR: No more than 1 ng of template DNA is used per microliter of PCR in a 100-µl reaction; approximately 0.1 µl of KlentaqLA (not plain Taq) is used per kilobase of target (for targets >10 kb, 1-1.3 µl of enzyme should be used); the Mg++ concentration is considered as the excess over the level of dNTPs. - [Read Long and Accurate PCR Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Cell Lines Protocols

RAW 264.7 cells are a macrophage-like, Abelson leukemia virus transformed cell line derived from BALB/c mice. For routine maintenance in culture (passage), cells are seeded at a confluence of approximately 10% (1 x 106 and 3 x 106 cells in 100-mm and 150-mm plates, respectively) and grown to a confluence of approximately 80%. This procedure requires the cells to be split every two days. - [Read Passage Procedure for RAW 264.7 Cells]

Category: PCR Protocols

DNA prepared by PCR-mediated gene disruption can be used to transform yeast in gene replacement experiments.  This protocol uses two primers, tailed with approximately 50 nucleotides homologous to the gene of interest, that target insertion of the PCR product to that locus.  Each primer ends with a universal sequence that is designed to amplify various selectable markers from plasmid templates. - [Read PCR-Mediated Gene Disruption: One-Step Method Protocol]

Category: Microarray Protocols: Microarray Analysis Protocols

Protocol permits the isolation of at least 3 µg of total RNA from approximately 150,000 cultured cardiac myocytes from adult mice. Includes: Treatment of Samples and Termination of Reactions; Isolation of RNA; Use of Environmental Chamber. - [Read Preparation of Myocyte RNA for Microarray Analysis Protocol]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols: RNA In Situ Hybridization Protocols

Protocol for RNA labeling by in vitro transcription of DNA with DIG, Biotin or Fluorescein RNA Labeling Mix. A PCR fragment that has the appropriate promoter ligated to its 5’-ends can also serve as a transcription template. The procedure described incorporates one modified nucleotide (DIG-, Biotin-, or Fluorescein-UTP) at approximately every 20 – 25th position in the transcripts. - [Read RNA Labeling by In Vitro Transcription of DNA with DIG, Biotin or Fluorescein RNA Labeling Mix]

Category: Fungi Protocols: Neurospora Protocols

DNA isolation method yields an average of 0.6 micrograms of genomic DNA that is suitable for Southern analysis or PCR. Starting with fresh mycelium, 20 to 40 samples can be processed in approximately two hours. Better yields (about 5 micrograms) may be obtained by suspending approximately 100 microliters of ground lyophilized mycelium in 500 microliters of isolation buffer and following the protocol. - [Read Small Scale DNA Preps for Neurospora crassa Protocol]

Category: RNAi Technology Protocols: RNAi Avian Embryos Protocols

Protocol describes a method to stain nerve fibers in tissue slices of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments.  This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos.  The tissue is cut in slices using a vibratome or tissue slicer.  The protocol is suitable for older embryos after approximately stage 33 and regions that are not accessible by whole-mount analysis. - [Read Staining of Tissue Slices for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos]

Category: Avian Bird Protocols

Protocol describes a method to stain nerve fibers in tissue slices of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments. This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos. The tissue is cut in slices using a vibratome or tissue slicer. The protocol is suitable for older embryos after approximately stage 33 and regions that are not accessible by whole-mount analysis. - [Read Staining of Tissue Slices for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos Protocol]

Category: Transfection Protocols

The following procedure is for simultaneous transfection and plating of RAW 264.7 cells. This protocol results in approximately 50% to 70% cell viability, and of those viable cells, 20% to 40% are transfected when using pEYFP-N1 from Clontech. Include: Procedure for Splitting Cells before Transfection; Procedure for Preparing Lipofectamine 2000 and DNA; Preparation of RAW 264.7 Cells for Transfection. - [Read Transfecting and Plating RAW 264.7 Cells with Lipofectamine 2000 Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: Genomic DNA Library Protocols

Protocol describes the use of PCR to analyze the quality of a human genomic DNA library. It has been optimized for a human genomic DNA library containing fragments between approximately 50 and 500 bp. - [Read Use of PCR for Quality Control of a Genomic DNA Library Protocol]

Category: Protein Protocols: Protein Quantitation Concentration Protocols

UV Absorbance 280 nm Protein Determination. Simple and quick method to accurately quantitate total protein in purified material or approximately quantitate total protein in crude lysates or partial purified material. Quantitation of the amount of protein in a solution is possible in a simple spectrometer.  Absorption of radiation in the near UV by proteins depends on the Tyr and Trp content (and to a very small extent on the amount of Phe and disulfide bonds).  Dr. Mario Lebendiker - [Read UV Absorbance 280 nm Protein Determination]