Protein Microarray Chips - An Introduction. Introduction, Types of Protein Chips, Attachment, Protein and Antibody Chip Production, Applications of Protein Chips, Detection methods, and Future Directions.
Molecularstation. - [Read Protein and Antibody Microarray Chips - An Introduction]
In an attempt to accurately measure DNA content with simultaneous preservation of cell surface markers, we have utilized gentle ethanol treatment techniques, which permeablize cells with minimal loss of surface antigen expression and antibody-antigen association. For some cell types, the presence of apoptotic cells based on reduced DNA content can also be detected. One such technique employs the addition of ethanol to cells previously resuspended in high concentrations of fetal bovine serum... - [Read Simultaneous Analysis of DNA Content and Surface Immunophenotype Protocol]
Protocol describes a method to stain nerve fibers in tissue slices of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments. This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos. The tissue is cut in slices using a vibratome or tissue slicer. The protocol is suitable for older embryos after approximately stage 33 and regions that are not accessible by whole-mount analysis. - [Read Staining of Tissue Slices for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos]
Protocol describes a method to stain nerve fibers in tissue slices of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments. This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos. The tissue is cut in slices using a vibratome or tissue slicer. The protocol is suitable for older embryos after approximately stage 33 and regions that are not accessible by whole-mount analysis. - [Read Staining of Tissue Slices for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos Protocol]
This protocol describes the methods of storage for antibody-containing sera. Antibodies are resistant to a broad range of mildly denaturing conditions, so long-term storage is relatively easy. - [Read Storage of Sera Protocol]
Several methods have been developed to "retrieve" antigens that have been masked by fixation. The principle behind using the microwave oven method described here is to use extended periods of heat to break some of the subcellular structures that block antibody access. Be aware that any of the antigen retrieval methods should be avoided wherever possible, because they may introduce artifactual false-positive staining. - [Read Unmasking Hidden Epitopes Using the Microwave Oven Protocol]
The principle behind the pressure cooker method described here is to use extended periods of heat to break some of the subcellular structures that block antibody access. This approach is appropriate for handling specimens on glass slides. The major advantages of the pressure cooker method are the ability to handle a large number of slides simultaneously, the convenience of using metal racks, and the avoidance of any hot spots that are found in the microwave. - [Read Unmasking Hidden Epitopes Using the Pressure Cooker Protocol]
Fixation can mask epitopes. However, it is often possible to re-expose them using a gentle incubation with proteases, which removes obstructing structures and allows antibody access, as described here. Many proteases can be used for this procedure, including very crude preparations of proteases, such as pronase. However, using a better-characterized protease, such as trypsin, allows a more controlled reaction and better comparison between experiments. - [Read Unmasking Hidden Epitopes with Proteases Protocol]
Use of the chemiluminescence-producing alkaline phosphatase substrate 3-(4-methoxyspiro[1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-tricyclo-[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decan]-4-yl)phenyl phosphate (AMPPD, also known as adamantyl-1,2-dioxetane phosphate), or its dioxetane relatives provides a substantial increase in sensitivity over colorimetric substrates and radiochemical methods currently used for the detection of antigen-antibody complexes immobilized on nylon or PVDF membranes. - [Read Western Analysis Using the Chemiluminescent Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate CSPD Protocol]
Protocol describes a method for staining nerve fibers in whole-mount preparations of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments. This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos. This protocol has been successfully applied for embryos at different stages up to about stage 33 (7 days of incubation). - [Read Whole-Mount Preparations for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos]
Protocol describes a method for staining nerve fibers in whole-mount preparations of avian embryos using an antibody against the 160-kD subunit of neurofilaments. This allows the comparison of the branching pattern of motor and sensory neurons between control and experimental embryos. This protocol has been successfully applied for embryos at different stages up to about stage 33 (7 days of incubation). - [Read Whole-Mount Preparations for Analysis of Axonal Pathfinding in dsRNA-Treated Avian Embryos Protocol]
In Vitro Translated Xenopus Mos Kinase Assay Protocol. In response to progesterone, immature Xenopus oocytes mature to eggs that can be fertilized. The Mos protein kinase is essential for oocyte maturation, most likely due to its ability to activate the MAP kinase cascade. This MAP kinase cascade eventually leads to the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B and entry into M phase. In this protocol, tagged Mos kinase is translated in vitro, immunopurified, and used in a kinase assay.
A protocol for the selection of Phage Antibodies using Immobilized Antigen. This method describes the selection of antibodies from bacteriophage antibody libraries that recognize a specific antigen. The phage display library of antibody-displaying phage particles is exposed to antigen attached to a solid substrate (Nunc Immuno™ tubes). The phage particles with affinity for antigen bind to the immobilized antigen and are selected from the library of phage expressing antibodies.