amounts Protocols

Category: Molecular Biology Protocols: Carbohydrate Protocols

o determine the relative amounts of LPS carbohydrates present in a given strain. The assay can be done on one set of samples and then scanned at the various wavelengths for reasonable data on the 3 types of sugars. HEXOSE ASSAY, 6-DEOXYHEXOSE ASSAY, HEPTOSE ASSAY. Hancock Laboratory. - [Read Carbohydrate Assays]

Category: Cytogenetics Protocols

This CGH Protocol is used for DNA of good quality when available in sufficient amounts. We usually do replicate hybridizations using samples labeled "inversely" (reversing the label for test and normal DNA's). If appreciable artifact occurs, then alternative labels are tried. - [Read CGH of Direct Labeled Test DNA vs Normal DNA Protocol]

Category: Microscopy Protocols: Live-Cell Imaging Protocols

Specimen chambers have had many designs published over the years describing systems that offer excellent optical properties while allowing specimens to be maintained for varying amounts of time. Ranging in complexity from the simple preparation of a sealed coverslip on a microscope slide to sophisticated perfusion chambers that enable tight control of virtually all environmental variables culture chambers are designed to to allow living specimens to be observed with minimal invasion at high res. - [Read Culture Chambers for Live-Cell Imaging]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols: Insect Cell Culture Protocols

The use of Ferbach flasks is an ideal method to amplify the cells and virus inoculum for the bioreactor. The method is also very practical for producing sufficient amounts of various proteins for feasibility studies using HyQ© SFX-Insect™ medium. The large surface area in this vessel enables sufficient aeration and, therefore, the cells, when they reach high density, are not oxygen depleted. - [Read Culturing of Insect Cells and Production of Baculovirus Expressed Recombinant Proteins in 2.8 Liter]

Category: Developmental Biology: Embryology Protocols

The FAM caspase binding assay kits from ATCC Corporation can be used to determine amounts of active caspases in cells. The FAM-labeled caspase inhibitor can freely diffuse into the cell. Active caspase irreversibly binds the inhibitor. Upon washing the cells, the amount of fluorescence is proportional to the amount of active caspase in the cell. FAM-LETD-fmk (catalog no. 30-1306) is used to detect caspase 8 and FAM-LEHD-fmk (catalog no. 30-1308) is used for caspase 9. - [Read Fam Caspase 8 and 9 Binding Assay for Embryos Protocol]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Isolation from Mammalian Cells Protocols

Method of choice when large amounts of mammalian DNA are required, for example, for Southern blotting (Rapid Isolation of Mammalian DNA, Rapid Isolation of Yeast DNA, Southern Blotting: Capillary Transfer of DNA to Membranes) or for construction of genomic libraries in bacteriophage {lambda} vectors.  Approximately 200 µg of mammalian DNA, 100-150 kb in length, is obtained from 5 x 107 cultured aneuploid mammalian cells (e.g., HeLa cells). - [Read Isolation of High-molecular-weight DNA from Mammalian Cells Using Proteinase K and Phenol Protocol]

Category: Cell Culture Protocols

Information on the methods used to cultivate large amounts of cells for the purpose of obtaining an endogenous or recombinant product. - [Read Large-Scale Cell Culture Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: M13 Phage Manipulation Protocols

Protocol used chiefly to generate large stocks of double-stranded DNA of strains of M13 that are routinely used as cloning vectors. Large amounts of single-stranded DNA of an individual recombinant may occasionally be needed for specific purposes, e.g., to generate many preparations of a particular radiolabeled probe or to construct large numbers of site-directed mutants. - [Read Large-scale Preparation of Single-stranded and Double-stranded Bacteriophage M13 DNA Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

Pilot ligations and packaging reactions are used to establish the amounts of fragmented genomic DNA and bacteriophage {lambda} arms that yield the maximum number of recombinants. Additional ligation and packaging reactions may then be set up to yield a comprehensive library of genomic DNA. - [Read Ligation of Bacteriophage lambda Arms to Fragments of Foreign Genomic DNA Protocol]

Category: DNA Protein Interactions Protocols: Dnase Footprinting Assay Protocols

Protocol describes how isolated nuclei are incubated with varying amounts of Dnase I. Genomic DNA is then isolated from the nuclei and digested with a restriction enzyme, analyzed by gel electrophoresis, and probed by Southern hybridization. - [Read Mapping Dnase-I-hypersensitive Sites Protocol]

Category: Peptide Protocols: Peptide Storage

Great peptide storage information. Lerner. Peptides are provided as lyophilized product that should be stored as dry powder at -20°C to -70°C in a desiccator, if possible. After lyophilization, peptides retain significant amounts of water. Peptides are slowly degraded particularly the cysteine-containing peptides are oxidized over time at -20°C. - [Read Peptide Storage Information]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

This rapid method is used to screen bacteriophage {lambda}gt11 clones for the production of immunodetectable fusion proteins. After optimizng the conditions of infection and induction, the method can be used to produce preparative amounts of a fusion protein. - [Read Preparation of Lysates Containing Fusion Proteins Encoded by Bacteriophage {lambda}: Lytic Infection]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

In vitro transcription reactions employing T3, T7 or SP6 phage-encoded RNA polymerases are widely used to synthesize RNA from recombinant vectors containing appropriate promoters. Production of large amounts of specific RNA is valuable in the preparation of hybridization probes and in vitro translation studies; in the synthesis of ribozymes, rRNA, SRP, antisense RNA and substrates for RNA splicing; and in RNA-protein interaction studies. - [Read Protocol: Purification of In Vitro Synthesized mRNA with Microcon or Centricon Centrifugal Filters]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols: DNA Isolation Protocols: DNA Plasmid Preps Protocols

A solution containing plasmid DNA, saturating amounts of ethidium bromide, and CsCl (44% w/v) is layered between two solutions of lesser (35% w/v CsCl) and greater density (59% w/v CsCl).  During centrifugation to equilibrium, the closed circular plasmid DNA and linear DNAs form bands at different densities. - [Read Purification of Closed Circular DNA by Equilibrium Centrifugation in CsCl-Ethidium Bromide Gradient]

Category: Nucleic Acid Modification Protocols: DNA Methylation Protocols

Protocol for quantification of DNA methylation in electrofluidics chips. Describe Bio-COBRA, a modified protocol for Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis (COBRA), that incorporates an electrophoresis step in microfluidics chips.  Microfluidics technology involves the handling of small amounts of liquid in miniaturized systems. - [Read Quantification of DNA Methylation in Electrofluidics Chips Protocol]

Category: PCR Protocols: Quantitative PCR Protocols

Quantitative PCR involves co-amplification of two templates: a constant amount of a preparation containing the desired target sequence and serial dilutions of a reference template that is added in known amounts to a series of amplification reactions.  The concentration of the target sequence is determined by simple interpolation into a standard curve. - [Read Quantitative PCR Protocol II]

Category: Nucleic Acid Modification Protocols: Nucleic Acid Radiolabeling Protocols

In this procedure, synthesis of cDNA is carried out in the presence of saturating concentrations of all four dNTPs and trace amounts of a single radiolabeled dNTP.  After subtraction hybridization, the enriched single-stranded cDNA is radiolabeled to high specific activity in a second synthetic reaction by extension of random oligonucleotide primers using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase. - [Read Radiolabeling of Subtracted cDNA Probes by Random Oligonucleotide Extension Protocol]

Category: Viral Manipulation Protocols: Phage Lamda Manipulation Protocols

Protocol is used to purify small amounts of bacteriophage {lambda} DNA that are suitable for use as substrates for restriction enzymes and templates for DNA and RNA polymerases. - [Read Rapid Analysis of Bacteriophage lambda Isolates: Purification of lambda DNA from Plate Lysates]

Category: Viral Culture and Isolation Protocols: Viral Culture Protocols

This protocol is used to purify small amounts of recombinant DNAs cloned in robust strains of bacteriophage {lambda} such as {lambda}gt10, {lambda}gt11, {lambda}ZAP, or ZipLox. The DNAs are suitable for use as substrates for restriction enzymes and templates for DNA and RNA polymerases. - [Read Rapid Analysis of Bacteriophage {lambda} Isolates: Purification of {lambda} DNA from Liquid Cultures]

Category: Cell Biology and Cell Culture: In Vitro Reconstitution Protocols

In vitro transcription systems includes instructions for use of products P1420, P1430, P1440, P1450 and P1460.Includes information and protocols on RNA Transcription in vitro. Information on DNA Template Preparation;Synthesis of High-Specific-Activity Radio labeled RNA Probes;Determining Percent Incorporation and Probe Specific Activity;Removal of the DNA Template Following Transcription;Removal of unincorporated nucleotides;Synthesis of large amounts of RNA;Capping RNA for in vitro translation. - [Read Riboprobe In Vitro Transcription Systems]

Category: Chromatography Protocols: DNA RNA Affinity Chromatography

When many RNA samples are to be processed or when working with small amounts (<50 µg) of total mammalian RNA, the technique of choice is batch chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. The method described in this protocol uses a combination of temperature and ionic strength to maximize binding and recovery of polyadenylated RNA. IMPORTANT: Prepare all reagents used in this protocol with Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated H2O. Joseph Sambrook and David W. Russell. - [Read Selection of Poly(A)+ RNA by Batch Chromatography - Subscription Required]

Category: Nucleic Acid Purification Protocols

Protocol describes the standard method to recover nucleic acids from aqueous solutions by precipitation of DNA with ethanol.  Subnanogram amounts of DNA (and RNA) can be quantitatively precipitated with ethanol, collected by centrifugation, and redissolved within minutes. - [Read Standard Ethanol Precipitation of DNA in Microcentrifuge Tubes Protocol]

Category: DNA Protocols: TOPO Cloning

Topo Cloning procedure for cloning of small amounts DNA fragments by PCR. Cloning the PCR fragment into the TOPO vector, transforming E. Coli cells, and using blue/white selection to determine transformants. Culture inoculation, Qiagen Plasmid Prep protocol for plasmid isolation of the plasmid containing the cloned copies. Preuss Lab, Univ. Chicago. - [Read Topo Cloning Procedure]