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Learn about DNA history. Saznajte više o DNA povijesti.
A history and timeline of genetics and the idea and structure of the DNA molecule from antiquity to the present-day. A povijest i datuma, genetike i ideja i struktura od DNA molekula od antike do danas.
As with most things, the history of DNA begins with the Greeks. Kao i kod većine stvari, povijest DNA počinje s Grcima. Pythagoras the philosopher speculated around 500 BC (more than 2500 years ago) that human life begins with a blend of male and female fluids , or semens, each originating from a part of the body. Pythagoras, filozof speculated oko 500 BC (više od 2500 godina) da ljudski život počinje s spoj muško i žensko tekućine, ili semens, podrijetlom iz svakog dijela tijela.
Later, Aristotle postulated that the semens are purified blood and that blood, therefore, is the element of heredity . Kasnije, Aristotel postulated da semens su krv očistili i da je krv, dakle, je element nasljedstvo. Due to little advancements in science and though for over two thousand years, this concept persisted in the Western world and is demonstrated by such common phrases as blue blood, blood-will-tell, blood relative, bad blood, and royal blood. Zbog malo advancements u znanosti i iako za više od dvije tisuće godina, ovaj koncept persisted u Zapadni svijet i tako je pokazao takve zajedničke fraze kao plava krv, krv--reći će, u odnosu krvi, Bad Blood, i kraljevske krvi.
In the 1860s, a monk named Gregor Mendel discovered that the differences between organisms such as colors of pea flowers are distributed among the offsprings of a mating between two organisms in a regular way that can be understood only if the trait is determined as discrete entities, later called genes . U 1860s, redovnik po imenu Gregor Mendel otkrio da je razlika između organizama kao što su boje cvijeća pea su raspodijeljena među offsprings od MATING između dva organizmi u pravilu način na koji se može razumjeti samo ako je crta se određuje kao diskretna subjekata, kasnije pod nazivom geni.
Eary in the 20th century, it was discovered through the Drosophila Melanogaster work of Thomas Hunt Morgan et al. Eary u 20 stoljeću, to je otkriveno kroz Drosophila Melanogaster rad Thomas Hunt Morgan et al. that genes are linked together in arrays on linear structures . gena koji su povezani zajedno u polja na linearne strukture. These would bind dyes and were therefore called chromosomes (Greek. chromo meaning colour, and soma meaning body). Ove će svezati bojila i bili su, dakle, pozvan kromosoma (Greek. kromo značenje boje, što znači tijelo i SOMA).
Archibald Garrod actually demonstrated in 1909 that humans which inherit mutant genes have particular defects in genes coding for enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in a cell). Archibald Garrod zapravo pokazao da je u 1909 ljudi koji imaju baštiniti mutant gena u određenom oštećenja gena za kodiranje enzima (proteina da catalyze kemijske reakcije u ćeliji).
Barbara McClinktock later demonstrated using corn that chromosomes are dynamic structures and that individual genes can become mobile within the set of chromosomes. Barbara McClinktock kasnije demonstrirala pomoću kromosoma kukuruza da su dinamičke strukture i da su pojedine gena mogu postati mobilni unutar set kromosoma.
Importantly, Beadle, Tatum and Ephrussi demonstrated with Drosophila and Neurospora that the function of genes was to store information for the information to synthesize a protein. Važnije, Beadle, Tatum i Ephrussi pokazao s Drosophila i Neurospora da je funkcija gena je za pohranu podataka za informacije na sintetizirati jedan protein.
Rosalind Franklin was a physical chemist working in Paris and was researching the structure of DNA at King's College. Rosalind Franklin je bio fizički kemičar koji rade u Parizu i bila je istraživanje strukture DNA na King's College. In 1951 she presented a lecture demonstrating that DNA was in the form of a helical shape. U 1951 je predstavljena predavanje pokazuju da DNA je u obliku jedne spiralno oblik.
Watson had attended this lecture, and learned of Franklin's important data. Watson je prisustvovao ovom predavanje, i saznaje od Franklin je važno podataka. Watson took the data without Franklin's permission. Watson je uzeo podatke bez Franklin dozvolu. Rosalind Franklin died in 1958. Rosalind Franklin umro u 1958.
Francis Crick's first sketch of the deoxyribonucleic acid double-helix. Francis Crick je prvi skeč od deoxyribonucleic acid dvo-Helix.
Four years later in 1962, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize for the confirmation of the structure of DNA. Četiri godine kasnije u 1962, Watson, grč, i Wilkins zajedno primio Nobelovu nagradu za potvrdu o strukturi DNA. The presentation of the Noble only to those researchers is a very controversial topic as Franklin had collaborated on the project but was acknowledged. Prezentacije plemenita samo onim istraživačima koji je vrlo kontroverzna tema kao Franklin je surađivalo na projektu, ali je priznao.
Although the hereditary importance of DNA was established previously, Watson and Crick proposed the "central dogma" of molecular biology in 1957. Iako je naslijeđen važnost DNA je osnovan prije, Watson i grč predložio je "centralna dogma" molekularne biologije u 1957. The central dogma describes the process whereby nucleic acid DNA codes for proteins. U centar dogme opisuje proces kojim nucleic acid DNA kod za bjelančevine.
Genetics. Genetiku. (2006). In Encyclopedia Britannica. U Enciklopedija Britannica. Retrieved October 4, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48730 Dobavljeno Listopad 4, 2006, iz Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48730
Molecular Cell Biology. Molekularna stanična biologija. 3rd Edition. 3. Edition. Lodish.
See the DNA Molecule in 3-Dimensions Pogledajte Molekula DNA u 3-Dimenzije
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