Antibodies in human body

[Barbienidoo]

in our body what type of antobodies are formed monoclonal or polyclonal or both. How they are produced what is their mechanism of action?

[ljpyou]

monoclonal antibody is only recognise one epitope,polyclonal antibody is composed of many different monoclonal antibody.so it can recognise many different epitopes.any type of antibody can form them,but usually is IgG,which's affinity is more strong.
B cell ,which are activated by foreign material,secrete the antibody protins.

[garlic]

Monoclonal antibody is one of polyclonal antibodies.
OR
Polyclonal antibody is actually a mixture of monoclonal antibodies.

[Zagami]

The immune system reacts against antigen (foreign molecule) in "adaptive way" through humoral and cellular paths. In humoral action type, the immune system react, against foreign, by means soluble components (antibodies) present in extracellular fluids.
In antibody production process, specialized macrophage called APC (antigen presenting cell), before phagocytize antigen and after, by means lysosomal enzymes, disrupt his (e.g. bacterial disgregation in components: membrane, DNA, RNA, ribosomal, etc..), first in small components and next in very small component (paratope). Every paratope is fixed on external membrane surface of the APC in such way that can be seen well, by the outside, a dwarfish area of the paratope, called “epitope”. Each epitope touched and read by a virgin B lymphocyte, that never come to contact with antigens, becoming B activated lymphocyte (primed cell) for one and only of the several epitopes expressed on the APC membrane. B activated lymphocyte goes toward to series of mitotic divisions during which it occurs a DNA rearrangement that conducts to obtainment an group of lymphocytes (plasma cell clone) everybody producing just and specifically an antibody, coming from an only clone (monoclonal antibody), adapted (high avidity) only at the epitope what has been generated it (key-lock). Next at foreign particle clearance from body, primed B cell form an pool of memory cells (resting state) that respond to a secondary challenge with the same antigen (resting lymphocyte). The elimination of the antigen to be effective for antibody path, requires production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against different epitopes of the same antigen (polyclonal response). Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens.
I concern to the specificity of the antibody produced, in vivo, by a B lymphocyte clone, this can be divided in two types : a) antibodies specific for a given antigen (monoreactive); b) antibodies with the ability to bind more that three antigen (polyreactive). Experiment performed with 600 human monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with monoclonal gammopathies and other immunoproliferative disorders gave comparable results. Approximately only 5 % of the monoclonal components were found to be polyreactive.