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Protein Array Protocols Protein Array protokoller	Protein Array Bioinformatics Protein Array Bioinformatik	Learn about Protein Arrays Lær om Protein Arrays	Protein Array Kits and Products Protein Array Kits og Produkter	Protein Array Forum Protein Array Forum	Proteomic News Proteomiske Nyheder

Protein Microarray Delivery Methods Protein microarray Delivery Methods

Protein and Antibody Microarrays Protein og Antibody Microarrays

Creation and Manufacture of Protein Chips Etablering og Fremstilling af Protein Chips

Protein Delivery Methods Protein Delivery Methods
The manufacture of microarrays is a highly automated process which involves imprinting of capture molecules on a bio-reactive film on an array or slide surface in a 2D array format (50).  The spacing of the spots depends on the size of the capture agents.  Antibody arrays typically have a 375 mm spacing (31).  Peptides may be synthesized on planar surfaces using photolithography (51,52) or SPOT technology (53).  Photolithography is known to be the first method adapted to be used with protein arrays (52). Fremstillingen af microarrays er en højt automatiseret proces, som involverer Westermarck-effekten fangststed molekyler på et bio-reaktiv film om en matrix eller dias overflade i en 2D-array format (50). Afstand af de pletter, afhænger af omfanget af fangst agenter. Antibody arrays har typisk en 375 mm mellemrum (31). Peptider kan være syntese om planar overflader ved hjælp fotolitografiske (51,52), eller SPOT teknologi (53). Fotolitografi er kendt for at være den første metode tilpasset til brug med protein arrays (52 ). Zyomyx has constructed silicon arrays with photolithography capable of detecting more than 10,000 proteins (9). Zyomyx har konstrueret silicium arrays med fotolitografiske kunne detektere mere end 10000 proteiner (9).
96-dot blot instruments have been used previously to create low-density protein arrays on filters (54,22), however high-density protein microarrays with greater than 30 000 spots per slide may be achieved using robotic contact printing instruments, similar to those for DNA microarrays (31,26).  Sub-nanoliter sample volumes are delivered directly to the surface of chips using tiny pins of contact printing arrayers.  However, due to the fact that contact printing robots are unable to align their pins to pre-fabricated structures and need to touch the surface, non-contact robotic printers similar to in-jet technology were used to deposit nanoliter to picoliter protein droplets to polyacrylamide gel packets (55) and nanowells (36).  The shearing force during drop formation of the current Packard ink-jet microarrayers is thought to damage some samples (56).  More recently, electrospray deposition technology was applied to deliver dry proteins to a dextran-grafted surface (57).  This technology reduced the spot size from ~150 mm to 30 mm. 96-dot skamplet instrumenter, som tidligere er anvendt til at skabe lav massefylde protein RAID-filtre (54,22), dog med høj massefylde protein microarrays med mere end 30 000 spots pr dias kan opnås ved hjælp af robot kontakt trykning instrumenter, der svarer til dem for DNA microarrays (31,26). Sub-nanoliter prøve mængder, der leveres direkte til overfladen af chips ved hjælp af bittesmå ben for kontakt trykning arrayers. Imidlertid skyldes, at kontakte trykning robotter er i stand til at tilpasse deres ben til præfabrikerede strukturer og nødvendigheden af at røre overfladen, ikke-kontakt robot printere ligner in-jet-teknologien blev brugt til at deponere nanoliter til picoliter protein dråber til polyacrylamid gel-pakker (55) og nanowells (36). klipning kraft i drop dannelsen af den nuværende Packard inkjet-microarrayers menes at skade nogle prøver (56). Mere nylig, electrospray deposition teknologi blev anvendt til at levere tørt proteiner til en dextran-podede overfladen (57). Denne teknologi reduceret stedet størrelse fra ~ 150 mm til 30 mm .

Next: Protein Chip Capture Molecules and Their Limitations Næste: Protein Chip Capture Molekyler og deres begrænsninger

References for Protein and Antibody Microarrays Referencer for protein og Antibody Microarrays

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Introduction and Background to Protein Chips and Antibody Chips. Indledning og baggrund for protein-chips og Antibody Chips.

Types of Antibody and Protein Chips Typer af antistof og Protein Chips