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Protein Array Protocols Protein Array protokoller	Protein Array Bioinformatics Protein Array Bioinformatik	Learn about Protein Arrays Lær om Protein Arrays	Protein Array Kits and Products Protein Array Kits og Produkter	Protein Array Forum Protein Array Forum	Proteomic News Proteomiske Nyheder

Future Directions of Protein Chips Future Directions for Protein Chips

Protein and Antibody Microarrays Protein og Antibody Microarrays

Protein Chip - Future Directions Protein Chip - Fremtidige Directions

Future Directions and Conclusions Fremtidige retninger og konklusioner
Although substantial investments have been made by a large number of companies, protein chips have yet to reach the mainstream of research. Selv om betydelige investeringer der er foretaget af et stort antal virksomheder, protein-chips endnu ikke har nået mainstream af forskningen.  Manufacturers have found that proteins are much more complex than nucleic acids, and the perceived market demands have not matched those initially anticipated (7). Fabrikanterne har konstateret, at proteiner er langt mere kompleks end nukleinsyrer, og de opfattes markedsbehov ikke har matchet de oprindeligt forventede (7).
Future developments of protein arrays lie in many areas of chip production including the area of protein attachment. Den fremtidige udvikling af protein arrays ligge i mange områder af chip-produktion, herunder det område af protein vedhæftet fil.  Although most groups are currently adhering proteins to the microarray surface in a random fashion, it is technically feasible to attach proteins through affinity tags. Selv om de fleste grupper er i øjeblikket vedhængende proteiner til microarray overflade i en tilfældig mode, det er teknisk muligt at vedhæfte proteiner gennem affinitet tags. Affinity attachment is likely to result in a higher proportion of active protein and homogeneous attachment of all immobilized proteins.  Detection methods are another important consideration, with requirements of sensitivity, accuracy and quantitation over a wide range. Affinity vedhæftede fil er sandsynligvis vil resultere i en højere andel af aktive proteiner og homogene udlæg i alle ubevaegeligt proteiner. Påvisningsmetoderne er en anden vigtig overvejelse, og med kravene i følsomhed, nøjagtighed og quantitation over en bred vifte. The design of arrays will be influenced by the readout systems which might need to be improved/replaced to take advantage of future advances (8).  Standardization is another issue common to all high throughput technologies: the existence and development of many alternative formats and conditions inevitably leads to problems in comparison of results. Udformningen af arrays vil blive påvirket af Readout systemer, som måske skal forbedres / erstattet at drage fordel af fremtidige forskud (8). Standardisering er et andet spørgsmål er fælles for alle høj overførselshastighed teknologier: eksistensen og udviklingen af mange alternative formater og betingelser uundgåeligt fører til problemer i sammenligning af resultaterne.  Standards for protein arrays and a framework for their implementation will need to be established at an international level. Standarder for protein arrays og en ramme for deres gennemførelse skal fastlægges på et internationalt niveau.
Currently there is little indication of the relative costs the technologies which are offered commercially. I øjeblikket er der ikke meget angivelse af de relative omkostninger de teknologier, der udbydes kommercielt.  Although diagnostics would drive the technology, it is not clear whether companies will be particularly eager to develop cheaper miniaturized alternatives (9). Selv diagnostik ville drive den teknologi, er det ikke klart, om selskaberne vil være særlig ivrig efter at udvikle billigere miniaturized alternativer (9).
Proteins carry out most of the functions encoded by our genes, and protein array studies will lead to new advances and discoveries in molecular biology and drug design. Proteiner udfører de fleste af de funktioner kodet af vores gener, og protein array undersøgelser vil føre til nye fremskridt og opdagelser inden for molekylærbiologi og narkotika-design.
Although a wide variety of technologies have been created for protein arrays, selection must occur to standardize and employ a few of the techniques in order to allow comparison and reproducibility of results, which is critical for the proper advancement of research.  Bioinformatics and genomics have paved the way for a new wave of proteomic advancements.  Using high-throughput methods such as protein chips, researchers may finally be able to look at the big picture instead of focusing on one or two genes at a time.  Furthermore, even if the costs of a protein chip are in the thousands of dollars, the price of one antibody is still in the hundreds.  Moreover, analysis of thousands of proteins will take days instead of years or decades.  The availability of the full human-genome sequence will push the application of protein-chip technology to analysis of the whole human proteome, and allow proteomics to fall into stride with the huge achievements of genomics. Selv om en bred vifte af teknologier der er blevet skabt for protein arrays skal udvælgelsen ske at standardisere og ansætte et par af de teknikker for at muliggøre sammenligning og reproducerbarhed af resultaterne, som er afgørende for en korrekt fremme af forskning. Bioinformatik og genomik har banet vej for en ny bølge af proteomiske fremskridt. Bruge Højkapacitetsforskning metoder såsom protein chips, forskere mai endelig være i stand til at se på det store billede i stedet for at fokusere på et eller to gener på et tidspunkt. Desuden, selv hvis udgifterne til et protein chip er i tusindvis af dollars, er prisen for en antistof er stadig i hundredvis. Desuden analyse af tusindvis af proteiner vil tage dage i stedet for år eller årtier. Tilgængeligheden af den fulde menneskelige genom sekvens vil skubbe ansøgning af protein-chip-teknologi til analyse af hele human proteomanalyse og tillade proteomik at falde i forbifarten med de enorme resultater fra genomforskningen.

References for Protein and Antibody Microarrays Referencer for protein og Antibody Microarrays

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Introduction and Background to Protein Chips and Antibody Chips. Indledning og baggrund for protein-chips og Antibody Chips.

Types of Antibody and Protein Chips Typer af antistof og Protein Chips