DNA History DNA Historie

Learn about DNA history. Lær om DNA historie.

DNA History DNA Historie

A History of DNA A History of DNA

A history and timeline of genetics and the idea and structure of the DNA molecule from antiquity to the present-day. En historie og tidslinje for genetik og tanken og strukturen af DNA-molekyle fra antikken til i dag.

As with most things, the history of DNA begins with the Greeks. Som med de fleste ting, historien om DNA begynder med grækerne. Pythagoras the philosopher speculated around 500 BC (more than 2500 years ago) that human life begins with a blend of male and female fluids , or semens, each originating from a part of the body. Pythagoras filosoffen spekuleret på omkring 500 f.Kr. (mere end 2500 år siden), at menneskers liv begynder med en blanding af mandlige og kvindelige væsker, eller semens, hver med oprindelse fra en del af kroppen.

Later, Aristotle postulated that the semens are purified blood and that blood, therefore, is the element of heredity . Senere, Aristoteles postuleres, at semens renses for blod og at blod, derfor er det element af arvelighed. Due to little advancements in science and though for over two thousand years, this concept persisted in the Western world and is demonstrated by such common phrases as blue blood, blood-will-tell, blood relative, bad blood, and royal blood. På grund af ringe fremskridt inden for videnskab og selv i over to tusind år, dette begreb varet i den vestlige verden og er påvist ved sådanne fælles sætninger som blå blod, blod-vil-fortælle, blod slægtning, dårlig blod, og de kongelige blod.

In the 1860s, a monk named Gregor Mendel discovered that the differences between organisms such as colors of pea flowers are distributed among the offsprings of a mating between two organisms in a regular way that can be understood only if the trait is determined as discrete entities, later called genes . I 1860'erne, en munk ved navn Gregor Mendel opdagede, at forskellene mellem organismer såsom farverne på ærten blomster er fordelt blandt børnenes af en parring mellem to organismer i en regulær måde, der kan forstås kun hvis de træk bestemmes som diskrete enheder, senere kaldet gener.

Eary in the 20th century, it was discovered through the Drosophila Melanogaster work of Thomas Hunt Morgan et al. Eary i det 20 århundrede, blev det opdaget gennem Drosophila melanogaster arbejde af Thomas Hunt Morgan et al. that genes are linked together in arrays on linear structures . , at generne er knyttet sammen i RAID-lineære strukturer. These would bind dyes and were therefore called chromosomes (Greek. chromo meaning colour, and soma meaning body). Disse ville binde farvestoffer og blev derfor kaldt kromosomer (Greek. kromokarton defineret farve, og soma betydningen organ).

Archibald Garrod actually demonstrated in 1909 that humans which inherit mutant genes have particular defects in genes coding for enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in a cell). Archibald Garrod faktisk demonstreret i 1909, at mennesker, som arver mutant gener har særlig defekter i gener, der koder for enzymer (proteiner, få kemiske reaktioner i en celle).

Barbara McClinktock later demonstrated using corn that chromosomes are dynamic structures and that individual genes can become mobile within the set of chromosomes. Barbara McClinktock senere demonstreret ved hjælp af majs, at kromosomer er dynamiske strukturer og at de enkelte gener kan blive mobile inden for det sæt af kromosomer.

Importantly, Beadle, Tatum and Ephrussi demonstrated with Drosophila and Neurospora that the function of genes was to store information for the information to synthesize a protein. Vigtigt er det, Beadle, Tatum og Ephrussi demonstreret med Drosophila og Neurospora, at funktionen af gener, var at gemme oplysninger for de oplysninger, der sammenfatte et protein.

Rosalind Franklin was a physical chemist working in Paris and was researching the structure of DNA at King's College. Rosalind Franklin var en fysisk kemiker, der arbejder i Paris og var undersøger strukturen af DNA på King's College. In 1951 she presented a lecture demonstrating that DNA was in the form of a helical shape. I 1951 fremlagde hun en forelæsning som viser, at DNA var i form af en helix form.

Watson had attended this lecture, and learned of Franklin's important data. Watson havde deltaget i dette foredrag, og lært af Franklin's vigtige data. Watson took the data without Franklin's permission. Watson var af den data uden Franklin's tilladelse. Rosalind Franklin died in 1958. Rosalind Franklin døde i 1958.

Francis Crick's first sketch of the deoxyribonucleic acid double-helix. Francis Crick's første tegning af desoxyribonukleinsyre dobbelt-helix.

Four years later in 1962, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize for the confirmation of the structure of DNA. Fire år senere i 1962, Watson, Crick og Wilkins fællesskab modtog Nobelprisen til bekræftelse af strukturen af DNA. The presentation of the Noble only to those researchers is a very controversial topic as Franklin had collaborated on the project but was acknowledged. Ved fremlæggelsen af Noble kun for de forskere, er et meget kontroversielt emne som Franklin havde samarbejdet om projektet, men blev anerkendt.

Although the hereditary importance of DNA was established previously, Watson and Crick proposed the "central dogma" of molecular biology in 1957. Selv om den arvelige betydning af DNA blev etableret tidligere, Watson og Crick foreslået at "det centrale dogme" i molekylær biologi i 1957. The central dogma describes the process whereby nucleic acid DNA codes for proteins. Det centrale dogme beskriver den proces, hvorved nukleinsyre DNA koder for proteiner.

DNA History References DNA Historie Referencer

Genetics. (2006). In Encyclopedia Britannica. I Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 4, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48730 Hentet den 4 oktober 2006, fra Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-48730

Molecular Cell Biology. Molecular Cell Biology. 3rd Edition. 3rd Edition. Lodish.

See the DNA Molecule in 3-Dimensions Se DNA-molekyle i 3-Dimensioner